Alkhamis Obtin, Canoura Juan, Yu Haixiang, Liu Yingzhu, Xiao Yi
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, USA, 33199.
Trends Analyt Chem. 2019 Dec;121. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115699. Epub 2019 Oct 17.
Aptamers are nucleic acid-based affinity reagents that have gained widespread attention as biorecognition elements for the detection of targets such as ions, small molecules, and proteins. Over the past three decades, the field of aptamer-based sensing has grown considerably. However, the advancement of aptamer-based small-molecule detection has fallen short of the high demand for such sensors in applications such as diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and forensics. This is due to two challenges: the complexity of developing generalized sensing platforms and the poor sensitivities of assays targeting small molecules. This paper will review new approaches for the streamlined development of high-performance aptamer-based sensors for small-molecule detection. We here provide historical context, explore the current state-of-the art, and offer future directions-with emphasis placed on new aptamer engineering methods, the use of cooperative binding, and label-free approaches using fully-folded, high-affinity aptamers for small-molecule sensing.
适体是基于核酸的亲和试剂，作为用于检测离子、小分子和蛋白质等靶标的生物识别元件，已受到广泛关注。在过去三十年中，基于适体的传感领域有了显著发展。然而，基于适体的小分子检测的进展未能满足诊断、环境监测和法医学等应用对这类传感器的高需求。这是由于两个挑战：开发通用传感平台的复杂性以及针对小分子的检测方法灵敏度较低。本文将综述用于简化开发用于小分子检测的高性能基于适体的传感器的新方法。我们在此提供历史背景，探索当前的技术水平，并给出未来方向，重点是新的适体工程方法、协同结合的应用以及使用完全折叠的高亲和力适体进行小分子传感的无标记方法。
