Celestrin Carolina P, Rocha Guilherme Z, Stein Angelica M, Guadagnini Dioze, Tadelle Rafael M, Saad Mario J A, Oliveira Alexandre G
Department of Physical Education, Bioscience Institute, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP 13506-900 Brazil.
Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
Eur Rev Aging Phys Act. 2020 Aug 26;17:12. doi: 10.1186/s11556-020-00244-8. eCollection 2020.
Human aging has innumerable health implications, including loss of muscle mass and increased circulating inflammatory markers. Resistance exercise in the elderly can prevent muscle mass loss and improve the inflammatory profile. Conversely, detraining can reverse this picture. Thus, there is a strong need for studies with the elderly population to clarify the real impacts of a training interruption. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the inflammatory profile of resistance trained elderly women after 4 weeks of detraining.
Seventeen elderly women with regular participation in an exercise program participated in the study. Body mass index (BMI), physical activity level assessments, total cholesterol and its fractions, triglycerides, glycemia and insulin blood levels, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-α, IFNγ, and MCP-1 were assessed before and after the detraining protocol.
The 4 week detraining period decreased physical fitness without altering body mass and BMI The short detraining period was able to induce some metabolic disturbances in elderly women who regularly participate in a program of strength training, such as increasing HOMA-IR (0.72 ± 0.14 to 0.81 ± 0.23; = 0.029), and increasing total blood cholesterol (178.21 ± 23.64 to 220.90 ± 64.98 mg/dL; = 0.008) and LDL fraction (111.79 ± 21.09 to 155.33 ± 60.95 mg/dL; = 0.048). No alteration in levels of inflammatory cytokines was observed, however, this detraining period significantly reduced IL-13 (44.84 ± 100.85 to 35.84 ± 78.89 pg/mL; = 0.031) a Th2 cytokine that induces M2 macrophage polarization.
These data demonstrate that even a short period of detraining is harmful for elderly women who regularly participate in a program of strength training, since it impairs physical performance, insulin sensitivity and cholesterol metabolism.
人类衰老对健康有诸多影响，包括肌肉量减少和循环炎症标志物增加。老年人进行抗阻运动可预防肌肉量流失并改善炎症状况。相反，停止训练则会逆转这种情况。因此，迫切需要针对老年人群开展研究，以阐明训练中断的实际影响。所以，本研究的目的是分析抗阻训练的老年女性在停止训练4周后的炎症状况。
17名经常参加运动项目的老年女性参与了本研究。在停止训练方案前后，对体重指数（BMI）、身体活动水平评估、总胆固醇及其组分、甘油三酯、血糖和胰岛素血水平、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、白细胞介素-13（IL-13）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、干扰素-γ（IFNγ）和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）进行了评估。
4周的停止训练期降低了身体素质，但未改变体重和BMI。较短的停止训练期能够在经常参加力量训练项目的老年女性中引发一些代谢紊乱，如增加胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）（从0.72±0.14增至0.81±0.23；P = 0.029），以及增加总血胆固醇（从178.21±23.64增至220.90±64.98mg/dL；P = 0.008）和低密度脂蛋白组分（从111.79±21.09增至155.33±60.95mg/dL；P = 0.048）。然而，未观察到炎症细胞因子水平的改变，不过，这段停止训练期显著降低了IL-13（从44.84±100.85降至35.84±78.89pg/mL；P = 0.031），IL-13是一种诱导M2巨噬细胞极化的Th2细胞因子。
这些数据表明，即使是较短时间的停止训练，对经常参加力量训练项目的老年女性也是有害的，因为它会损害身体机能、胰岛素敏感性和胆固醇代谢。
