Harris Chad, DeBeliso Mark, Adams Kent J, Irmischer Bobbie S, Spitzer Gibson Terry Ann
Center for Orthopaedic and Biomechanics Research, Department of Kinesiology, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2007 Aug;21(3):813-8. doi: 10.1519/R-15654.1.
In this study, we assessed the influence of training intensity on strength retention and loss incurred during detraining in older adults. In a previous study, untrained seniors (age = 71.0 +/- 5.0; n = 61) were randomly divided into 3 exercise groups and 1 control group. Exercise groups trained 2 days per week for 18 weeks with equivalent volumes and acute program variables but intensities of 2 x 15 repetitions maximum (RM), 3 x 9RM, or 4 x 6RM. Thirty of the original training subjects (age 71.5 +/- 5.2 years) participated in a 20-week detraining period. A 1RM for 8 exercises was obtained pre- and posttraining and at 6 and 20 weeks of detraining. The total of 1RM for the 8 exercises served as the dependent variable. Analysis of variance procedures demonstrated significant increases in strength with training (44-51%; p < 0.05), but no group effect. All training groups demonstrated significant strength decreases at both 6 and 20 weeks of detraining independent of prior training intensity (all group average 4.5% at 6 weeks and 13.5% at 20 weeks; p < 0.04). However, total-body strength was significantly greater than pretraining values after the detraining period (all group average 82% at 6 weeks and 49% at 20 weeks; p < 0.001). The results suggest that when older adults participate in progressive resistance exercise for 18 weeks, then stop resistance training (i.e., detrain), strength losses occur at both 6 and 20 weeks of detraining independent of prior resistance training intensity. However, despite the strength losses, significant levels of strength are retained even after 20 weeks of detraining. The results have important implications for resistance-trained older adults who could undergo planned or unplanned training interruptions of up to 5 months.
在本研究中，我们评估了训练强度对老年人停训期间力量保持和流失的影响。在之前的一项研究中，未经训练的老年人（年龄 = 71.0 ± 5.0；n = 61）被随机分为3个运动组和1个对照组。运动组每周训练2天，共18周，训练量和急性训练变量相同，但强度分别为2组每组15次最大重复量（RM）、3组每组9RM或4组每组6RM。30名最初的训练受试者（年龄71.5 ± 5.2岁）参与了为期20周的停训期。在训练前、训练后以及停训6周和20周时，对8项运动进行了1次最大重复量（1RM）测试。8项运动的1RM总和作为因变量。方差分析程序显示，训练后力量显著增加（44% - 51%；p < 0.05），但无组别效应。所有训练组在停训6周和20周时均显示出力量显著下降，且与之前的训练强度无关（所有组在6周时平均下降4.5%，在20周时平均下降13.5%；p < 0.04）。然而，停训期结束后，全身力量显著高于训练前水平（所有组在6周时平均为82%，在20周时平均为49%；p < 0.001）。结果表明，当老年人进行18周的渐进性抗阻训练，然后停止抗阻训练（即停训）时，停训6周和20周时均会出现力量流失，且与之前的抗阻训练强度无关。然而，尽管力量有所流失，但即使在停训20周后仍保留了显著水平的力量。这些结果对于可能经历长达5个月的计划内或计划外训练中断的抗阻训练老年人具有重要意义。
