Azari Amir A, Arabi Amir
Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Ophthalmology, Torfeh Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2020 Aug 6;15(3):372-395. doi: 10.18502/jovr.v15i3.7456. eCollection 2020 Jul-Sep.
Conjunctivitis is a commonly encountered condition in ophthalmology clinics throughout the world. In the management of suspected cases of conjunctivitis, alarming signs for more serious intraocular conditions, such as severe pain, decreased vision, and painful pupillary reaction, must be considered. Additionally, a thorough medical and ophthalmic history should be obtained and a thorough physical examination should be done in patients with atypical findings and chronic course. Concurrent physical exam findings with relevant history may reveal the presence of a systemic condition with involvement of the conjunctiva. Viral conjunctivitis remains to be the most common overall cause of conjunctivitis. Bacterial conjunctivitis is encountered less frequently and it is the second most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis. Allergic conjunctivitis is encountered in nearly half of the population and the findings include itching, mucoid discharge, chemosis, and eyelid edema. Long-term usage of eye drops with preservatives in a patient with conjunctival irritation and discharge points to the toxic conjunctivitis as the underlying etiology. Effective management of conjunctivitis includes timely diagnosis, appropriate differentiation of the various etiologies, and appropriate treatment.
结膜炎是全球眼科诊所中常见的病症。在疑似结膜炎病例的处理中，必须考虑更严重眼内疾病的警示体征，如剧痛、视力下降和瞳孔疼痛反应。此外，对于非典型表现和病程较长的患者，应全面了解其内科和眼科病史，并进行全面的体格检查。同时出现的体格检查结果和相关病史可能提示存在累及结膜的全身性疾病。病毒性结膜炎仍是结膜炎最常见的总体病因。细菌性结膜炎较少见，是感染性结膜炎的第二大常见病因。近半数人群会出现过敏性结膜炎，其表现包括瘙痒、黏液性分泌物、结膜水肿和眼睑水肿。长期使用含防腐剂眼药水且伴有结膜刺激和分泌物的患者，提示毒性结膜炎为潜在病因。结膜炎的有效处理包括及时诊断、对各种病因进行恰当鉴别以及适当治疗。
