Andleeb Sonia, Yasir Bari M, Gill Inam, Urooj Sana, Nausheen Sidra
Department of Intensive Care Unit, Aziz Fatimah Medical College and Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Department of Anaethesiology, Dr. Ruth Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2020 Aug;48(4):288-293. doi: 10.5152/TJAR.2019.62144. Epub 2019 Oct 22.
Encephalitis is a disease that has a major impact on health systems worldwide in terms of mortality, morbidity and costs. Furthermore, it is a challenging disease for the treating physician, as the patient presentation varies, and not all patients present with typical complaints. In addition, if left untreated or if there is a delay in the treatment, the mortality rate due to encephalitis can increase. The incidence of encephalitis in Pakistan is scarce in the literature because, in most of cases, the specific cause is not evaluated due to lack of resources and also because the majority of cases are not reported. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and outcomes of encephalitis in patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital intensive care unit in Pakistan.
This retrospective study was conducted in the intensive care unit of the Aziz Fatimah Medical College and Hospital, Faisalabad. After obtaining the ethical approval, a total of 75 patients were found in the medical records with a confirmed diagnosis of encephalitis out of total 3,921 patients admitted to the intensive care unit in the 5-year period from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2018.
The most common clinical presentation were seizures (64%) followed by headache (53%), irritability (29.3%) and hemiparesis (26.7%). Among all patients, 44 needed invasive ventilation, and 7 required non-invasive ventilation. In addition, the outcomes were variable.
The incidence of encephalitis was 1.9% in the 5-year period, and the mortality rate was 37.3%. Also, 6.7% patients improved without any complications.
脑炎是一种在全球范围内对卫生系统的死亡率、发病率和成本都有重大影响的疾病。此外，对于治疗医生来说，这是一种具有挑战性的疾病，因为患者的表现各不相同，而且并非所有患者都有典型症状。此外，如果不进行治疗或治疗延迟，脑炎导致的死亡率可能会增加。巴基斯坦脑炎的发病率在文献中很少见，因为在大多数情况下，由于资源匮乏，具体病因未得到评估，而且大多数病例未被报告。本研究的目的是确定巴基斯坦一家三级护理医院重症监护病房收治的脑炎患者的发病率和转归。
本回顾性研究在费萨拉巴德阿齐兹·法蒂玛医学院及医院的重症监护病房进行。获得伦理批准后，在2013年1月1日至2018年12月31日这5年期间入住重症监护病房的3921例患者的病历中，共发现75例确诊为脑炎的患者。
最常见的临床表现是癫痫发作（64%），其次是头痛（53%）、易怒（29.3%）和偏瘫（26.7%）。所有患者中，44例需要有创通气，7例需要无创通气。此外，转归各不相同。
5年期间脑炎的发病率为1.9%，死亡率为37.3%。此外，6.7%的患者康复且无任何并发症。
