Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
WIREs Mech Dis. 2021 Mar;13(2):e1505. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1505. Epub 2020 Aug 31.
Intracellular organelles are membrane-bound and biochemically distinct compartments constructed to serve specialized functions in eukaryotic cells. Through extensive interactions, they form networks to coordinate and integrate their specialized functions for cell physiology. A fundamental property of these organelle networks is that they constantly undergo dynamic organization via membrane fusion and fission to remodel their internal connections and to mediate direct material exchange between compartments. The dynamic organization not only enables them to serve critical physiological functions adaptively but also differentiates them from many other biological networks such as gene regulatory networks and cell signaling networks. This review examines this fundamental property of the organelle networks from a systems point of view. The focus is exclusively on homotypic networks formed by mitochondria, lysosomes, endosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. First, key mechanisms that drive the dynamic organization of these networks are summarized. Then, several distinct organizational properties of these networks are highlighted. Next, spatial properties of the dynamic organization of these networks are emphasized, and their functional implications are examined. Finally, some representative molecular machineries that mediate the dynamic organization of these networks are surveyed. Overall, the dynamic organization of intracellular organelle networks is emerging as a fundamental and unifying paradigm in the internal organization of eukaryotic cells. This article is categorized under: Metabolic Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
细胞内细胞器是由膜包裹的、具有不同生化特性的隔室，它们被构建出来以在真核细胞中执行特定的功能。通过广泛的相互作用，它们形成网络以协调和整合其专门的功能，从而实现细胞生理学的功能。这些细胞器网络的一个基本特性是，它们通过膜融合和裂变不断进行动态组织，以重塑它们的内部连接，并介导隔室之间的直接物质交换。这种动态组织不仅使它们能够自适应地发挥关键的生理功能，而且使它们与其他许多生物网络（如基因调控网络和细胞信号网络）区分开来。这篇综述从系统的角度来考察细胞器网络的这一基本特性。重点仅放在分别由线粒体、溶酶体、内体和内质网形成的同质网络上。首先，总结了驱动这些网络动态组织的关键机制。然后，突出了这些网络的几个不同的组织特性。接下来，强调了这些网络动态组织的空间特性，并探讨了它们的功能意义。最后，调查了介导这些网络动态组织的一些代表性分子机制。总的来说，细胞内细胞器网络的动态组织正在成为真核细胞内部组织的一个基本的、统一的范例。本文属于以下分类：代谢疾病 > 分子和细胞生理学。
