Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research, Haldwani 263139, India.
Int J Med Mushrooms. 2020;22(6):547-558. doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2020035074.
This study was designed to understand the effect of extraction temperature, i.e., room temperature (GLRT), 50°C (GL50), 100°C (hot water; GL100), and 200°C (GL200) on antioxidant and biological activity of G. lucidum. The % yield obtained was 5.3%, 7.6%, 10.7%, and 13.2% at various extraction temperatures; room temperature, 50°C, 100°C and 200°C, respectively. Similarly, phenolic content (51.6, 57.9, 82.9, and 93.1 mg/g extract) and flavonoid content (18.8, 23.2, 34.3, and 36.3 mg/g extract) were observed to be increased with rise in extraction temperature. However, extraction temperature resulted in loss of antioxidant activities above 100°C as evident by chemical assays such as DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and TRP conducted on extracts. In contrast, three bioactive compounds, i.e., adenine (3.26, 3.48, 2.16, and 1.45 mg/g extract), uracil (3.99, 3.21, 2.51, and 1.47 mg/g extract), and adenosine (5.92, 5.62, 2.22 and 0.7 mg/g extract), quantified by high performance thin layer chromatography showed decrease in their content with increasing extraction temperature. Extract prepared at room temperature and 50°C prevented loss of cell viability and generation of reactive oxygen species resulted after hydrogen peroxide exposure; however, cytoprotective efficacy was not significant at 100°C and 200°C The order of cytoprotective effects observed by these extract were in the following order: room temperature ≥ 50°C > 100°C > 200°C. Overall, the optimal temperature conditions for the efficient extraction of G. lucidum with water retaining bioactive compounds and biological activity was found to be below 100°C.
本研究旨在探讨提取温度（室温（GLRT）、50°C（GL50）、100°C（热水；GL100）和 200°C（GL200））对灵芝抗氧化和生物活性的影响。在不同的提取温度下，分别获得 5.3%、7.6%、10.7%和 13.2%的收率；室温、50°C、100°C 和 200°C。同样，酚类含量（51.6、57.9、82.9 和 93.1mg/g 提取物）和黄酮类含量（18.8、23.2、34.3 和 36.3mg/g 提取物）随提取温度的升高而增加。然而，抗氧化活性的提取温度超过 100°C 会导致损失，这一点可以从提取物上进行的 DPPH、FRAP、ABTS 和 TRP 等化学测定中得到证明。相比之下，三种生物活性化合物，即腺嘌呤（3.26、3.48、2.16 和 1.45mg/g 提取物）、尿嘧啶（3.99、3.21、2.51 和 1.47mg/g 提取物）和腺苷（5.92、5.62、2.22 和 0.7mg/g 提取物），通过高效薄层色谱法定量分析显示，随着提取温度的升高，其含量减少。在室温下和 50°C 下制备的提取物可防止细胞活力丧失和过氧化氢暴露后活性氧的产生；然而，在 100°C 和 200°C 时，细胞保护效果并不显著。通过这些提取物观察到的细胞保护作用的顺序如下：室温≥50°C>100°C>200°C。总的来说，发现保持生物活性化合物和生物活性的灵芝高效提取的最佳温度条件低于 100°C。
