Early Molecular Events during Onset of Diapause in Silkworm Eggs Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis.

Diapause is a form of dormancy, and silkworm embryos are ideal models for studying diapause in insects. However, molecular events in eggs during the onset of diapause remain unclear. In this study, transcriptome analyses were performed on silkworm diapause eggs via RNA sequencing at 20 and 48 h after oviposition. A total of 6402 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in diapause eggs at 48 h versus that at 20 h after oviposition. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that DEGs in diapause eggs at 48 h versus that at 20 h after oviposition were involved in ribosome-related metabolism and hydrogen transport. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed several significantly enriched biological pathways, namely the oxidative phosphorylation, Forkhead box protein O3 (FoxO) signaling, ribosome, endoplasmic reticular protein processing, and autophagy pathways. Fifteen DEGs from the FoxO signaling pathway were selected, and their expression profiles were consistent with the transcriptome results from real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Our results can improve understanding of the diapause mechanism in silkworm eggs and identified key pathways for future studies.