Haver Samara M, Rand Zoe, Hatch Leila T, Lipski Danielle, Dziak Robert P, Gedamke Jason, Haxel Joseph, Heppell Scott A, Jahncke Jaime, McKenna Megan F, Mellinger David K, Oestreich William K, Roche Lauren, Ryan John, Van Parijs Sofie M
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, 175 Edward Foster Road, Scituate, Massachusetts 02066, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2020 Aug;148(2):845. doi: 10.1121/10.0001726.
Passive acoustic monitoring of ocean soundscapes can provide information on ecosystem status for those tasked with protecting marine resources. In 2015, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) established a long-term, continuous, low-frequency (10 Hz-2 kHz) passive acoustic monitoring site in the Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary (CBNMS), located offshore of the central United States of America (U.S.) west coast, near San Francisco, CA. The California Current flows southward along the coast in this area, supporting a diverse community of marine animals, including several baleen whale species. Acoustic data analysis revealed that both large vessels and vocalizing baleen whales contribute to the ambient soundscape of the CBNMS. Sound levels fluctuated by month with the highest levels in the fall and lowest levels in the summer. Throughout the year, very low-frequency (10-100 Hz) sound levels were most variable. Vessels and whales overlap in their contributions to ambient sound levels within this range, although vessel contributions were more omnipresent, while seasonal peaks were associated with vocalizing whales. This characterization of low-frequency ambient sound levels in the CBNMS establishes initial baselines for an important component of this site's underwater soundscape. Standardized monitoring of soundscapes directly supports NOAA's ability to evaluate and report on conditions within national marine sanctuaries.
对海洋声景进行被动声学监测可为那些负责保护海洋资源的人员提供有关生态系统状况的信息。2015年，美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）在美国加利福尼亚州旧金山附近的美国西海岸中部近海的科德尔湾国家海洋保护区（CBNMS）建立了一个长期、连续、低频（10赫兹至2千赫）的被动声学监测站点。加利福尼亚洋流在该区域沿海岸向南流动，支撑着包括几种须鲸物种在内的多样海洋动物群落。声学数据分析表明，大型船只和发声的须鲸都对CBNMS的环境声景有贡献。声级随月份波动，秋季最高，夏季最低。全年中，极低频（10至100赫兹）声级变化最大。在这个频率范围内，船只和鲸鱼对环境声级的贡献有重叠，不过船只的贡献更为普遍，而季节性峰值与发声的鲸鱼有关。对CBNMS低频环境声级的这种描述为该站点水下声景的一个重要组成部分建立了初步基线。对声景进行标准化监测直接有助于NOAA评估和报告国家海洋保护区内的状况。
