Suarjana Ketut, Astuti Putu Ayu Swandewi, Artawan Eka Putra I Wayan Gede, Duana Made Kerta, Mulyawan Ketut Hari, Chalidyanto Djazuly, Qomaruddin Mochammad Bagus, Wahyuni Chatarina Umbul
Doctoral Program, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya.
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali.
J Public Health Res. 2020 Jul 28;9(3):1747. doi: 10.4081/jphr.2020.1747.
Since 2013, City of Denpasar government has adopted a smoke-free law. Implementation of the law faces several obstacles, partly due to the high social acceptability of smoking in the city, where cigarette and smoking has been deeply engrained within social life and become part of hospitality. This study aims to assess the smoke-free law compliance and to explore the social norms that may affect the compliance. The study was a mix of cross-sectional compliance survey and qualitative exploration conducted in Denpasar in 2019. Survey included 538 samples, which were selected using stratified random sampling and a walking protocol. The qualitative data was collected through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) in four sub-districts of Denpasar. Of the 538 venues, 32.9% complied with the seven compliance indicators. The university has the highest compliance (83.3%), while public places including worship places have a low compliance. The three most common violations were the absence of no-smoking signage (58.6%), provision of ashtray (17.5%), and smell of tobacco smoke (15.8%). The poor compliance was related to the lack of awareness of the regulation, and the fact that smoking is highly acceptable and part of the culture. The informants highlighted the essential role of public figures and potency of local policy as social disapproval of smoking. Compliance to the smoke-free law in Denpasar remains low, continuous education, socialization and improved supervision are crucial. Meanwhile, social and cultural acceptance of smoking is considered as an essential factor that hampers the implementation of the smoke free law.
自2013年以来，登巴萨市政府通过了一项无烟法律。该法律的实施面临若干障碍，部分原因是该市吸烟的社会接受度较高，在当地，香烟和吸烟已深深融入社会生活，并成为待客之道的一部分。本研究旨在评估无烟法律的合规情况，并探讨可能影响合规的社会规范。该研究是2019年在登巴萨进行的横断面合规调查和定性探索的混合研究。调查包括538个样本，采用分层随机抽样和步行协议进行选择。定性数据通过在登巴萨四个分区进行的深入访谈和焦点小组讨论（FGD）收集。在538个场所中，32.9%符合七项合规指标。大学的合规率最高（83.3%），而包括礼拜场所在内的公共场所合规率较低。最常见的三项违规行为是没有禁烟标志（58.6%）、提供烟灰缸（17.5%）和有烟草烟雾气味（15.8%）。合规情况不佳与对该规定缺乏认识以及吸烟在很大程度上被接受且是文化一部分这一事实有关。受访者强调了公众人物的重要作用以及地方政策作为对吸烟的社会不认可的效力。登巴萨对无烟法律的合规率仍然较低，持续教育、宣传和加强监管至关重要。与此同时，吸烟在社会和文化上的接受被视为阻碍无烟法律实施的一个重要因素。
