Laborda-Illanes Aurora, Sanchez-Alcoholado Lidia, Dominguez-Recio María Emilia, Jimenez-Rodriguez Begoña, Lavado Rocío, Comino-Méndez Iñaki, Alba Emilio, Queipo-Ortuño María Isabel
Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Aug 31;12(9):2465. doi: 10.3390/cancers12092465.
In breast cancer (BC) the employment of sequencing technologies for metagenomic analyses has allowed not only the description of the overall metagenomic landscape but also the specific microbial changes and their functional implications. Most of the available data suggest that BC is related to bacterial dysbiosis in both the gut microenvironment and breast tissue. It is hypothesized that changes in the composition and functions of several breast and gut bacterial taxa may contribute to BC development and progression through several pathways. One of the most prominent roles of gut microbiota is the regulation of steroid-hormone metabolism, such as estrogens, a component playing an important role as risk factor in BC development, especially in postmenopausal women. On the other hand, breast and gut resident microbiota are the link in the reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and their local environment, since microbiota are capable of modulating mucosal and systemic immune responses. Several in vivo and in vitro studies show remarkable evidence that diet, probiotics and prebiotics could exert important anticarcinogenic effects in BC. Moreover, gut microbiota have an important role in the metabolism of chemotherapeutic drugs and in the activity of immunogenic chemotherapies since they are a potential dominant mediator in the response to cancer therapy. Then, the microbiome impact in BC is multi-factorial, and the gut and breast tissue bacteria population could be important in regulating the local immune system, in tumor formation and progression and in therapy response and/or resistance.
在乳腺癌（BC）中，宏基因组分析测序技术的应用不仅能够描述整体宏基因组格局，还能揭示特定的微生物变化及其功能影响。现有大多数数据表明，BC与肠道微环境和乳腺组织中的细菌生态失调有关。据推测，多种乳腺和肠道细菌类群的组成及功能变化可能通过多种途径促进BC的发生和发展。肠道微生物群最显著的作用之一是调节类固醇激素代谢，如雌激素，雌激素作为BC发生发展的危险因素，尤其是在绝经后女性中发挥着重要作用。另一方面，乳腺和肠道常驻微生物群是癌细胞与其局部环境之间相互作用的纽带，因为微生物群能够调节黏膜和全身免疫反应。多项体内和体外研究提供了显著证据，表明饮食、益生菌和益生元在BC中可能发挥重要的抗癌作用。此外，肠道微生物群在化疗药物代谢以及免疫原性化疗活性方面具有重要作用，因为它们是癌症治疗反应中潜在的主要调节因子。因此，微生物群对BC的影响是多因素的，肠道和乳腺组织细菌群体在调节局部免疫系统、肿瘤形成与进展以及治疗反应和/或耐药性方面可能具有重要意义。
