[Current trends in the screening for diabetic retinopathy].

The incidence of diabetes in the world is steadily increasing, and so is growing the number of cases of vision loss and blindness resulting from diabetic retinopathy (DR). This pathology is asymptomatic in the initial stages, but only the early treatment can be effective. In this regard, DR screening is an important and actual problem. This article reviews the principles, criteria, and problems of the currently run DR screening programs that are based on digital photography of the fundus. Special attention is paid to the displayed biomarkers and their role in DR screening. Various research methods are described, such as fluorescence angiography, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography agniography, laser scanning ophthalmoscopy, which can be used to visualize pathological changes in the retina associated with DR. These changes were considered as potential screening biomarkers for DR. The review also describes new areas of screening based on telemedicine, artificial intelligence, and mobile photo-registering devices.