Department of Medical Foundations, Ross University School of Medicine, St. Michael, Barbados.
Department of Clinical Foundations, Ross University School of Medicine, St. Michael, Barbados.
Adv Physiol Educ. 2020 Dec 1;44(4):554-563. doi: 10.1152/advan.00141.2019.
The Wright table is introduced as a novel tool for teaching and learning the cardiac cycle. It supplements the nearly 100-yr-old Wiggers diagram, which is information rich but difficult for many students to learn. The Wright table offers a compact presentation of information, viewable both in terms of how ) each compartment's pressures and flows change over time; and ) the heart works as a pump, first filling and then emptying the ventricles, thereby moving blood from low-pressure venous to high-pressure arterial compartments. This new four-by-four display of interrelated aspects of cardiac cycle events offers a more integrated view of the phases of ventricular filling and emptying than can be easily observed in the Wiggers diagram. It also shows how ECG-related waves of depolarization and repolarization drive the events of each subsequent phase. The Wright table is a stand-alone teaching aid; however, it is designed such that weaknesses of the Wiggers diagram are complemented by strengths of the Wright table, and vice versa. Results of an anonymous student survey support the utility of the Wright table in medical education. Three modifications of the Wright table, each modeling specific cardiac conditions (i.e., paradoxical split S2 in left bundle branch block, mild aortic stenosis, and moderate aortic stenosis), are included to illustrate how the Wright table might be used in clinical training and research. In summary, the Wright table of the cardiac cycle provides new perspectives for visualization of the cardiac cycle in health and disease.
莱特表被引入作为教授和学习心动周期的新工具。它补充了近 100 年历史的威格斯图，该图信息量丰富，但对许多学生来说很难学习。莱特表提供了紧凑的信息呈现，既可以查看每个隔室的压力和流量随时间的变化，也可以查看心脏作为泵的工作方式，先填充然后排空心室，从而将血液从低压静脉转移到高压动脉隔室。这种新的四乘四的心动周期事件的相互关联方面的显示提供了比威格斯图更容易观察到的心室充盈和排空阶段的更综合的视图。它还展示了 ECG 相关的去极化和复极化波如何驱动每个后续阶段的事件。莱特表是一个独立的教学工具；然而，它的设计使得威格斯图的弱点得到了莱特表的补充，反之亦然。一项匿名学生调查的结果支持了莱特表在医学教育中的实用性。莱特表的三个修改版本，每个版本都模拟了特定的心脏状况（即左束支传导阻滞中的反常分裂 S2、轻度主动脉瓣狭窄和中度主动脉瓣狭窄），说明了莱特表如何用于临床培训和研究。总之，心动周期的莱特表为健康和疾病中的心动周期可视化提供了新的视角。
