Ballenger J J
Division of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Evanston Hospital, Illinois.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1988 May-Jun;97(3 Pt 1):253-8. doi: 10.1177/000348948809700308.
Efficient cleansing of the upper and lower respiratory surfaces by the mucociliary apparatus is essential to health. Failure of the cleansing allows contaminants prolonged residence on the mucosal respiratory surfaces and thus penetration into the mucosa and possibly inauguration of disease. For some years, genetic ultrastructural ciliary alterations have been recognized, with symptoms dating from early life. It is only in recent years, however, that evidence has shown that ultrastructural ciliary alterations can be acquired later in life and that these alterations in turn lead to a deterioration of efficient ciliary cleansing. A discussion of the ultrastructure of the normal mammalian cilium will be given, as well as a listing of the genetic ciliary disease and their characteristic morphologic alterations. A more complete review will be made in regard to acquired ciliary defects, their cause, the ultrastructural changes, and the relation to clinical disease.
黏液纤毛装置对上、下呼吸道表面进行有效清洁对健康至关重要。清洁功能失效会使污染物长时间停留在呼吸道黏膜表面，进而穿透黏膜并可能引发疾病。多年来，人们已经认识到遗传导致的超微结构纤毛改变，症状始于早年。然而，直到最近才有证据表明，超微结构纤毛改变可能在生命后期出现，而这些改变反过来又会导致有效纤毛清洁功能的恶化。本文将讨论正常哺乳动物纤毛的超微结构，以及遗传性纤毛疾病及其特征性形态学改变。还将更全面地综述获得性纤毛缺陷、其病因、超微结构变化以及与临床疾病的关系。
