School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.
School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.
Mar Environ Res. 2020 Oct;161:105123. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105123. Epub 2020 Aug 24.
Climate warming is altering the distribution of species, producing range shifts and promoting local extinctions. There is an urgent need to understand the underlying mechanisms that influence the persistence of populations across a species' distribution range in the face of global warming. Ocenebra erinaceus is a marine gastropod that exhibits high intraspecific variability in maternal investment and physiological capacity during early stages, which suggests local adaptation to natal environmental conditions. In this study, reproductive traits and trans-generational adaptation were measured in two subtidal populations: one from the middle (the Solent, UK) and another towards the southern end of their geographic distribution (Arcachon, France). Local adaptation was evaluated with a transfer experiment (i.e. Arcachon females transferred to Solent thermal conditions) and trans-generational adaptation was evaluated in the thermal tolerance response of embryos exposed to temperatures between 10 and 20 °C. This study shows that both populations have similar fitness; however, there are adaptive costs to live under their natal location, resulting in trade-offs between reproductive traits. Transferred females show lower reproductive output, which suggests that females are maladapted to live under a new environment. The trans-generational experiment demonstrates contrasting thermal tolerance ranges between populations. Adaptation to local thermal conditions was observed in transferred embryos, showing poor performance and high mortalities under the new environment. Our results provide a better understanding of intraspecific differences and adaptations across a species' distribution range and provide insights into how climate warming will impact encapsulated species exhibiting location-specific adaptation.
气候变暖正在改变物种的分布，导致分布范围的转移和促进局部灭绝。在全球变暖的背景下，迫切需要了解影响物种分布范围内种群生存的潜在机制。Ocrenebra erinaceus 是一种海洋腹足纲动物，在早期阶段表现出高度的种内变异性，在母性投资和生理能力方面具有局部适应出生环境条件的能力。在这项研究中，我们在两个潮间带种群中测量了繁殖特征和跨代适应性：一个种群来自中部（英国的索伦特海峡），另一个种群位于其地理分布的南端（法国的阿卡雄）。通过转移实验（即 Arcachon 雌性转移到 Solent 热条件）评估了局部适应性，通过暴露于 10 至 20°C 之间温度的胚胎对热胁迫的跨代适应性评估了跨代适应性。本研究表明，两个种群的适应性相似；然而，在出生地生活存在适应性成本，这导致繁殖特征之间存在权衡。转移的雌性表现出较低的繁殖输出，这表明雌性适应在新环境中生活的能力较差。跨代实验表明，种群之间的热耐受范围存在差异。在转移的胚胎中观察到对当地热条件的适应，表明在新环境下表现不佳且死亡率较高。我们的研究结果提供了对物种分布范围内种内差异和适应性的更好理解，并为了解气候变暖如何影响表现出特定地点适应性的被包裹物种提供了线索。
