Giontella Andrea, Cardinali Irene, Pieramati Camillo, Cherchi Raffaele, Biggio Giovanni Paolo, Achilli Alessandro, Silvestrelli Maurizio, Lancioni Hovirag
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Sep 1;10(9):1544. doi: 10.3390/ani10091544.
Sardinia, an island located to the west of Italy in the Mediterranean Sea, boasts three native horse breeds: Giara, Sarcidano, and Sardinian Anglo-Arab. Here, we have investigated for the first time three loci of the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome (NRY) in 34 stallions from these breeds and performed a phylogenetic analysis of the maternal relationships among 178 previously published mitochondrial control regions. We found that the current NRY diversity of Sardinian horse breeds is linked to three haplotypes (HT), all identified within Sarcidano. Each breed showed a typical HT: HT1 (ancestral) was the most represented in Sarcidano, HT2 (Neapolitan/Oriental wave) in Giara, and HT3 (Thoroughbred wave) in Sardinian Anglo-Arab. The specificity of each haplotype suggests the influence of independent breeding strategies and the effect of genetic drift in each Sardinian population. The female counterpart, extended to 178 horses, showed a low genetic variability and a common maternal origin for Giara and Sarcidano. The higher variability of the Sardinian Anglo-Arab indicates multiple mare lineages in its current population. Further genetic analyses will be crucial to understand the paternal history of male horses, preserve the endangered mares' and stallions' lineages, and improve the enhancement of autochthonous genetic resources on this island.
撒丁岛是位于地中海意大利以西的一个岛屿，拥有三个本土马种：吉亚拉马、萨尔西达诺马和撒丁岛英阿拉伯马。在此，我们首次对来自这些马种的34匹种马的Y染色体非重组区域（NRY）的三个基因座进行了研究，并对178个先前发表的线粒体控制区域之间的母系关系进行了系统发育分析。我们发现，撒丁岛马种目前的NRY多样性与三种单倍型（HT）相关，所有这些单倍型均在萨尔西达诺马中被识别出来。每个马种都显示出一种典型的单倍型：HT1（祖先型）在萨尔西达诺马中占比最大，HT2（那不勒斯/东方血统）在吉亚拉马中占比最大，HT3（纯种马血统）在撒丁岛英阿拉伯马中占比最大。每种单倍型的特异性表明了独立育种策略的影响以及撒丁岛每个种群中遗传漂变的作用。在扩展至178匹马的母系分析中，吉亚拉马和萨尔西达诺马显示出较低的遗传变异性和共同的母系起源。撒丁岛英阿拉伯马较高的变异性表明其当前种群中有多个母系谱系。进一步的基因分析对于了解雄马的父系历史、保护濒危母马和种马的谱系以及改善该岛本土遗传资源的增强至关重要。
