Institute of the Biological Problems of the North FEB RAS, Magadan, Russia.
Kurchatov Genomic Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Sci Rep. 2020 Sep 3;10(1):14604. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71616-4.
The Siberian wood frog Rana amurensis is a recently discovered example of extreme hypoxia tolerance that is able to survive several months without oxygen. We studied metabolomic profiles of heart and liver of R. amurensis exposed to 17 days of extreme hypoxia. Without oxygen, the studied tissues experience considerable stress with a drastic decrease of ATP, phosphocreatine, and NAD+ concentrations, and concomitant increase of AMP, creatine, and NADH. Heart and liver switch to different pathways of glycolysis with differential accumulation of lactate, alanine, succinate, as well as 2,3-butanediol (previously not reported for vertebrates as an end product of glycolysis) and depletion of aspartate. We also observed statistically significant changes in concentrations of certain osmolytes and choline-related compounds. Low succinate/fumarate ratio and high glutathione levels indicate adaptations to reoxygenation stress. Our data suggest that maintenance of the ATP/ADP pool is not required for survival of R. amurensis, in contrast to anoxia-tolerant turtles.
西伯利亚林蛙 Rana amurensis 是一种最近发现的对极端缺氧具有极强耐受性的物种，它能够在没有氧气的情况下存活数月。我们研究了暴露在 17 天极端缺氧环境下的 R. amurensis 的心脏和肝脏的代谢组学图谱。在没有氧气的情况下，研究中的组织会经历相当大的压力，导致 ATP、磷酸肌酸和 NAD+浓度急剧下降，同时 AMP、肌酸和 NADH 浓度增加。心脏和肝脏切换到不同的糖酵解途径，乳酸、丙氨酸、琥珀酸以及 2,3-丁二醇（以前未在脊椎动物中报道为糖酵解的终产物）积累，天冬氨酸耗尽。我们还观察到某些渗透物和胆碱相关化合物浓度的统计学显著变化。低琥珀酸/富马酸比和高谷胱甘肽水平表明适应再氧化应激。我们的数据表明，与耐缺氧的龟类不同，维持 ATP/ADP 池对于 R. amurensis 的存活不是必需的。
