Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
Anim Sci J. 2020 Jan-Dec;91(1):e13441. doi: 10.1111/asj.13441.
Microbiota of individual cow milk, bulk tank milk, and feces of Jersey cows were examined. Samples were collected from two farms (F1 and F2) in cool (November, Nov) and hot (July, Jul) seasons. Milk yield and milk composition were similar between the two farms and between the two seasons. Prevalent taxa of the fecal microbiota, i.e. Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Rikenellaceae, and Clostridiaceae, were unaffected by the farm and season. Relative abundance of milk microbiota for Pseudomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Streptococcaceae (F1 > F2) and Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Cellulomonadaceae (F1 < F2) were different between the two farms, and those for Staphylococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Veillonellaceae (Nov < Jul) and Methylobacteriaceae and Moraxellaceae (Nov > Jul) were different between the two seasons. The microbiota of bulk tank milk was numerically different from that of individual cow milk. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that the milk microbiota was unrelated to the fecal microbiota. The finding that relative abundance of Pseudomonadaceae and Moraxellaceae appeared greater than those reported for Holstein milk suggested that higher protein and fat content may result in a greater abundance of proteolytic and lipolytic taxa in Jersey cow milk.
对个体奶牛的奶、牛群奶的奶样和泽西牛的粪便中的微生物组进行了研究。样本取自两个农场（F1 和 F2），分别在凉爽（11 月，Nov）和炎热（7 月，Jul）季节采集。两个农场之间以及两个季节之间的牛奶产量和牛奶成分相似。粪便微生物群的主要类群（即瘤胃球菌科、拟杆菌科、厚壁菌门、赖氨球菌科和梭菌科）不受农场和季节的影响。假单胞菌科、肠杆菌科和链球菌科（F1>F2）和乳杆菌科、双歧杆菌科和纤维素单胞菌科（F1<F2）在两个农场之间的相对丰度不同，而葡萄球菌科、芽孢杆菌科、瘤胃球菌科和韦荣球菌科（Nov<Jul）和甲基杆菌科和莫拉氏菌科（Nov>Jul）在两个季节之间的相对丰度不同。牛群奶的微生物群在数量上与个体奶牛的奶不同。主坐标分析表明，牛奶微生物群与粪便微生物群无关。假单胞菌科和莫拉氏菌科的相对丰度似乎高于荷斯坦牛奶的报道，这表明高蛋白和高脂肪含量可能导致泽西牛奶中更多的蛋白水解和脂肪水解类群。
