Zhang Xiaoyun, Liu Xulei, Xie Kaili, Pan Yueting, Liu Fuyao, Hou Fujiang
State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
, Lanzhou, P. R. China.
BMC Microbiol. 2025 Mar 31;25(1):180. doi: 10.1186/s12866-024-03644-3.
Rumen microbial community structure and stability are very important for ruminant health, growth and development, and livestock product yield. Dietary composition and nutritional structure affect microbial diversity and richness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different fiber levels of energy feed on the rumen microflora and fermentation function of grazing sheep in salinized sown pasture, to reveal the response of the main microflora of sheep rumen at the phylum and genus levels to different fiber levels of energy feed and to analyze the internal mechanism to provide a reference for the selection of energy feed and the improvement of the production performance of grazing livestock.
The fiber level of energy feed affects the rumen fermentation and rumen microbial community structure of grazing sheep. Low-fiber-energy feeds significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, while the relative abundances of Cyanobacteria, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_010, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, and Elusimicrobium significantly decreased, adjusting the relationship between the flora toward cooperation. High-fiber-energy feeds significantly increased the concentration of VFAs, significantly decreased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, adjusted the relationship between the flora to compete, and promoted the enrichment of metabolic pathways such as "Protein Digestion and Absorption," "Nitrogen Metabolism," "Starch and Sucrose Metabolism," and "Degradation of Other Sugars."
Supplementary feeding of high and low fiber energy feeds reduced the pH value of rumen fluid and the richness and diversity of microorganisms in grazing sheep, reduced the relative abundance of some harmful microorganisms, affected the metabolic activities of some fiber-digesting bacteria, regulated the interaction and competition between bacteria, increased the content of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and the relative abundance of metabolic-related microorganisms in the supplementary feeding group, and enriched the metabolic-related pathways. However, further understand the mechanism of the effect of fiber level on the rumen of sheep, it is necessary to conduct in-depth analysis using research methods such as transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics.
瘤胃微生物群落结构与稳定性对反刍动物健康、生长发育及畜产品产量至关重要。日粮组成和营养结构会影响微生物多样性和丰富度。本研究旨在评估能量饲料不同纤维水平对盐碱化人工草地放牧绵羊瘤胃微生物区系及发酵功能的影响，揭示绵羊瘤胃主要微生物在门和属水平对不同纤维水平能量饲料的响应，并分析其内在机制，为能量饲料的选择及放牧家畜生产性能的提高提供参考。
能量饲料的纤维水平影响放牧绵羊的瘤胃发酵及瘤胃微生物群落结构。低纤维能量饲料显著增加了放线菌的相对丰度，而蓝细菌、瘤胃球菌科_UCG_010、瘤胃球菌科_NK4A214_组和艾氏菌属的相对丰度显著降低，使菌群间关系向合作方向调整。高纤维能量饲料显著增加了挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）浓度，显著降低了变形菌门、瘤胃球菌科_NK4A214_组和理研菌科_RC9_肠道组的相对丰度，将菌群间关系调整为竞争状态，并促进了“蛋白质消化与吸收”“氮代谢”“淀粉和蔗糖代谢”以及“其他糖类降解”等代谢途径的富集。
补充高低纤维能量饲料降低了放牧绵羊瘤胃液pH值及微生物的丰富度和多样性，降低了部分有害微生物的相对丰度，影响了部分纤维消化细菌的代谢活性，调节了细菌间的相互作用和竞争，增加了补饲组挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）含量及代谢相关微生物的相对丰度，富集了代谢相关途径。然而，要进一步了解纤维水平对绵羊瘤胃影响的机制，有必要采用转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学等研究方法进行深入分析。
