Translational Neurogenomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Twin Res Hum Genet. 2020 Aug;23(4):221-227. doi: 10.1017/thg.2020.68.
There is a well-established relationship between cannabis use and psychosis, although the exact nature of this relationship is not fully understood. Recent studies have observed significant genetic overlap between a diagnosis of schizophrenia and lifetime cannabis use. Expanding on this work, the current study aimed to examine whether genetic overlap also occurs for subclinical psychosis (schizotypy) and cannabis use, as well as examining the phenotypic association between the traits. Phenotypic correlations were calculated for a variety of schizotypy and cannabis phenotypes in the UK Biobank (UKB), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability estimates and genetic correlations were calculated for these UKB phenotypes as well as for several other variables taken from recent genomewide association studies. Positive phenotypic correlations were observed between 11 out of 12 pairs of the cannabis use and schizotypy phenotypes (correlation range .05-.18), indicating a robust association between increased symptoms of schizotypy and cannabis use. SNP-based heritability estimates for two schizotypy phenotypes remained significant after multiple testing correction: social anhedonia (h2SNP = .08, SE = .02, N = 4025) and ever seen an unreal vision (h2SNP = .35, SE = .10, N = 150,717). Finally, one significant genetic correlation was observed between schizotypy and cannabis use, a negative correlation between social anhedonia and number of times used cannabis (rg = -.30, p = .012). The current study suggests the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis is also seen in subclinical symptoms of psychosis, but further research with larger samples is needed to determine the biological mechanisms underlying this association.
大麻使用与精神病之间存在着明确的关系，尽管这种关系的确切性质尚不完全清楚。最近的研究观察到精神分裂症的诊断与终生大麻使用之间存在显著的遗传重叠。在此基础上，本研究旨在检验亚临床精神病（精神分裂症特质）和大麻使用之间是否也存在遗传重叠，并检查这些特征之间的表型关联。在英国生物库（UKB）中，计算了各种精神分裂症特质和大麻表型的表型相关性，并为这些 UKB 表型以及最近全基因组关联研究中获得的几个其他变量计算了基于单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的遗传力估计值和遗传相关性。在 12 对大麻使用和精神分裂症特质的 11 对中观察到了阳性表型相关性（相关范围为.05-.18），表明精神分裂症特质和大麻使用之间存在稳健的关联。在经过多次测试校正后，两种精神分裂症特质的 SNP 遗传力估计值仍然显著：社交快感缺失（h2SNP =.08，SE =.02，N = 4025）和曾见过不真实的幻觉（h2SNP =.35，SE =.10，N = 150,717）。最后，观察到精神分裂症特质和大麻使用之间存在一个显著的遗传相关性，社交快感缺失与使用大麻的次数呈负相关（rg = -.30，p =.012）。本研究表明，大麻使用与精神病之间的关系也存在于精神病的亚临床症状中，但需要进一步研究以确定这种关联的生物学机制。
