Morton Sarah E, O'Hare Kirstie J M, Maha Jaimee L K, Nicolson Max P, Machado Liana, Topless Ruth, Merriman Tony R, Linscott Richard J
Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Schizophr Bull. 2017 May 1;43(3):633-643. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbw108.
Meehl regarded schizotypy as a categorial liability for schizophrenia that is the product of genes, environment, and gene-environment interactions. We sought to test whether schizophrenia-related genotypes and environmental risk factors predict membership in classes defined by taxometric analyses of positive (cognitive-perceptual), negative (interpersonal), and disorganized schizotypy.
Participants (n = 500) completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and provided information on the following risk factors: cannabis use, pregnancy and obstetric complications, social adjustment, and family history of psychosis. Saliva samples were obtained so that the frequency of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) alleles associated with risk for developing schizophrenia could be determined. Genotyped SNPs were rs1625579 (MIR137), rs7004633 (MMP16), rs7914558 (CNNM2), and rs12966547 (CCDC68). Sets of SPQ items were subject to multiple coherent cut kinetic (CCK) analyses, including mean-above-minus-below-a-cut, maximum covariance, maximum eigenvalue, and latent modes analyses.
CCK analyses indicated latent taxonicity of schizotypy across the 3 item sets. The cognitive-perceptual class had a base rate of 25%, and membership was predicted by the rs7004633 SNP (odds ratio = 2.33, 95% confidence interval = 1.15-4.72 in adjusted analyses). Poor social adjustment predicted memberships in the interpersonal (16%) and disorganized (21%) classes. Classes were found not to be mutually exclusive.
Schizotypy is taxonic and schizotypy class membership is predicted by genetic and environmental factors that predict schizophrenia. The findings hold the promise that a more complete understanding of schizotypy as a schizophrenia liability state will come from investigation of other genes and environmental factors associated with schizophrenia.
米希尔将分裂型特质视为精神分裂症的一种类别易感性，它是基因、环境以及基因 - 环境相互作用的产物。我们试图检验与精神分裂症相关的基因型和环境风险因素是否能预测通过对阳性（认知 - 感知）、阴性（人际）和紊乱型分裂型特质进行分类分析所定义的类别归属。
参与者（n = 500）完成了分裂型人格问卷（SPQ），并提供了以下风险因素的信息：大麻使用、妊娠及产科并发症、社会适应情况以及精神病家族史。采集唾液样本以确定与精神分裂症发病风险相关的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）等位基因频率。基因分型的SNP包括rs1625579（MIR137）、rs7004633（MMP16）、rs7914558（CNNM2）和rs12966547（CCDC68）。对SPQ项目集进行了多种连贯切割动力学（CCK）分析，包括均值高于减去低于一个切点、最大协方差、最大特征值和潜在模式分析。
CCK分析表明，在这3个项目集中分裂型特质存在潜在的分类性。认知 - 感知类别基础率为25%，rs7004633 SNP可预测其类别归属（校正分析中优势比 = 2.33，95%置信区间 = 1.15 - 4.72）。社会适应不良可预测人际类别（16%）和紊乱类别（21%）的归属。发现这些类别并非相互排斥。
分裂型特质具有分类性，分裂型特质类别归属可由预测精神分裂症的遗传和环境因素来预测。这些发现有望通过对与精神分裂症相关的其他基因和环境因素的研究，更全面地理解分裂型特质作为精神分裂症易感性状态。
