Shimazaki Yoshihiro, Saito Mizuki, Nonoyama Toshiya, Tadokoro Yasushi
Oral Health Prev Dent. 2020 Sep 4;18(4):683-691. doi: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a45071.
This study clarified the oral factors related to swallowing function using the results of dental check-ups among community-dwelling independent elders.
Data on oral and medical health check-ups from 4,676 participants aged 75 and 80 years were analysed. Swallowing function was evaluated using the repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST), which assesses the ability to swallow saliva. Swallowing three or more times during a 30 s period was recorded as normal, while swallowing twice or less in 30 s was considered to indicate swallowing difficulty. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between oral factors and swallowing function.
In all participants, the odds ratio (OR) for swallowing difficulty was 3.42 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78-6.55) and 6.68 (95% CI: 1.97-22.64) among those who had 10-19 teeth without dentures and those who had 0-9 teeth without dentures, respectively, compared to individuals with ≥ 20 teeth without dentures. Those with moderate or severe dry mouth had a statistically significantly higher OR (8.01, 95% CI: 4.84-13.27) for swallowing difficulty than those without dry mouth. Among dentate participants, in addition to statistically significant variables in the analysis among all participants, those with abundant dental plaque showed a significantly higher OR (2.58, 95% CI: 1.54-4.32) for swallowing difficulty compared to those with no or slight dental plaque.
These results suggest that oral factors such as having few teeth without dentures, dry mouth, and poor oral hygiene are related to swallowing function in elders.
本研究利用社区居住的独立老年人的牙科检查结果，阐明与吞咽功能相关的口腔因素。
分析了4676名75至80岁参与者的口腔和健康检查数据。吞咽功能采用重复唾液吞咽试验（RSST）进行评估，该试验评估唾液吞咽能力。在30秒内吞咽三次或更多次被记录为正常，而在30秒内吞咽两次或更少则被认为表明存在吞咽困难。进行多变量逻辑回归分析以检查口腔因素与吞咽功能之间的关系。
在所有参与者中，与无假牙且牙齿≥20颗的个体相比，无假牙且有10 - 19颗牙齿的参与者吞咽困难的优势比（OR）为3.42（95%置信区间（CI）：1.78 - 6.55），无假牙且有0 - 9颗牙齿的参与者吞咽困难的优势比为6.68（95%CI：1.97 - 22.64）。有中度或重度口干的参与者吞咽困难的OR在统计学上显著高于无口干的参与者（8.01，95%CI：4.84 - 13.27）。在有牙参与者中，除了所有参与者分析中的统计学显著变量外，与无或轻度牙菌斑的参与者相比，牙菌斑丰富的参与者吞咽困难的OR显著更高（2.58，95%CI：1.54 - 4.32）。
这些结果表明，无假牙牙齿少、口干和口腔卫生差等口腔因素与老年人的吞咽功能有关。
