Takeuchi K, Aida J, Ito K, Furuta M, Yamashita Y, Osaka K
K. Takeuchi, Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka-ken 812-8582, Japan, +81-92-642-6353, FAX: +81-92-642-6354,
J Nutr Health Aging. 2014 Apr;18(4):352-7. doi: 10.1007/s12603-014-0025-3.
Although the presence of dysphagia is a key determinant of nutritional status among older adults, few studies have focused on the association between malnutrition and dysphagia risk in community-dwelling frail older adults. This study estimated the prevalence of malnutrition and quantified the association between malnutrition and dysphagia risk among community-dwelling older Japanese adults requiring long-term care.
Cross-sectional study.
This study was conducted with the cooperation of the Japan Dental Association and local dental associations in all 47 prefectures from January to February 2012.
Individuals aged ≥65 years capable of oral nutrient intake who were living at home and receiving home dental care and treatment.
Individual demographic characteristics and factors associated with health loss-related functional decline were obtained through interviews by home-visit dentists and self-administered questionnaires. Nutritional status and dysphagia risk were evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form and the Dysphagia Risk Assessment for the Community-dwelling Elderly.
Among 874 respondents (345 men and 529 women), 24.6% were malnourished, 67.4% were at risk of malnutrition, and 8.0% were well nourished. Dysphagia risk was related to an increased likelihood of malnutrition at an old age, even after adjusting for covariates (PR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.01-1.67).
Malnutrition is highly prevalent among community-dwelling frail older adults, and dysphagia risk is independently associated with malnutrition. Dysphagia may be an important predictor of malnutrition progression in aged populations.
尽管吞咽困难的存在是老年人营养状况的关键决定因素，但很少有研究关注社区居住的体弱老年人中营养不良与吞咽困难风险之间的关联。本研究估计了营养不良的患病率，并量化了需要长期护理的社区居住日本老年人中营养不良与吞咽困难风险之间的关联。
横断面研究。
本研究于2012年1月至2月在日本牙科协会及全国47个都道府县的地方牙科协会合作下开展。
年龄≥65岁、能够经口摄入营养、居家生活并接受家庭牙科护理和治疗的个体。
通过家访牙医访谈和自填问卷获取个体人口统计学特征以及与健康丧失相关功能衰退的相关因素。使用微型营养评定简表和社区老年人吞咽困难风险评估对营养状况和吞咽困难风险进行评估。
在874名受访者（345名男性和529名女性）中，24.6%营养不良，67.4%存在营养不良风险，8.0%营养状况良好。即使在对协变量进行调整后，吞咽困难风险仍与老年人营养不良可能性增加相关（PR = 1.30，95%CI = 1.01 - 1.67）。
社区居住的体弱老年人中营养不良非常普遍，吞咽困难风险与营养不良独立相关。吞咽困难可能是老年人群营养不良进展的重要预测因素。
