National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
Nutrients. 2020 Sep 5;12(9):2717. doi: 10.3390/nu12092717.
The assessment of the vitamin K status and its effects on clinical outcomes in kidney transplantation (KT) patients has sparked interest, but it is still largely unfulfilled. In part, this is due to difficulties in laboratory measurements of vitamin K, especially K2 vitamers. Vitamin K status is currently best assessed by measuring undercarboxylated vitamin-K-dependent proteins. The relative contribution of vitamin K1 and K2 to the health status of the general population and CKD (chronic kidney disease) patients, including KT patients, is also poorly studied. Through a complete and first review of the existing literature, we summarize the current knowledge of vitamin K pathophysiology and its potential role in preventing KT complications and improving organ survival. A specific focus is placed on cardiovascular complications, bone fractures, and the relationship between vitamin K and cancer. Vitamin K deficiency could determine adverse outcomes, and KT patients should be better studied for vitamin K assessment and modalities of effective therapeutic approaches.
评估维生素 K 状态及其对肾移植 (KT) 患者临床结局的影响引起了人们的兴趣，但这方面的研究仍远远不够。部分原因是维生素 K 的实验室测量存在困难，尤其是 K2 维生素。目前，通过测量非羧化维生素 K 依赖性蛋白来评估维生素 K 状态。维生素 K1 和 K2 对普通人群和包括 KT 患者在内的慢性肾脏病 (CKD) 患者健康状况的相对贡献也研究甚少。通过对现有文献的全面和首次综述，我们总结了维生素 K 病理生理学及其在预防 KT 并发症和改善器官存活方面的潜在作用的最新知识。特别关注心血管并发症、骨折以及维生素 K 与癌症之间的关系。维生素 K 缺乏可能会导致不良结局，因此应该更好地研究 KT 患者的维生素 K 评估和有效治疗方法。
