School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India.
Department of Biotechnology, MITS School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India.
Biotechnol Prog. 2021 Jan;37(1):e3078. doi: 10.1002/btpr.3078. Epub 2020 Sep 21.
Recently, a corona virus disease (COVID-19) caused by a novel corona virus (sevier acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2; SARS-CoV-2), rapidly spread throughout the world. It has been resulted an unprecedented public health crisis and has become a global threat. WHO declared it as a pandemic due to rapid transmission and severity of the disease. According to WHO, as of 22nd of August 2020, the disease spread over 213 countries of the world having 22,812,491 confirmed cases and 795,132 deaths recorded worldwide. In the absence of suitable antiviral drugs and vaccines, the current pandemic has created an urgent need for accurate diagnostic tools that would be helpful for early detection of the patients. Many tests including classical and high-throughput techniques have developed and obtained U.S. Food and drug administration (FDA) approval. However, efforts are being made to develop new diagnostic tools for detection of the disease. Several molecular diagnostic tests such as real-time-polymerase chain reaction, real-time isothermal loop-mediated amplification (RT-LAMP), full genome analysis by next-generation sequencing, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats technique and microarray-based assays along with other techniques such as computed tomography scan, biomarkers, biosensor, nanotechnology, serological test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), isolation of viral strain in cell culture are currently available for diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. This review provides a brief overview of promising high-throughput techniques currently used for detection of SARS-CoV-2, along with their scope and limitations that may be used for effective control of the disease.
最近，一种由新型冠状病毒（严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2；SARS-CoV-2）引起的冠状病毒病（COVID-19）迅速在全球范围内传播。它导致了前所未有的公共卫生危机，并成为全球威胁。世界卫生组织（WHO）宣布该病为大流行，因为该病传播迅速，病情严重。根据世界卫生组织的数据，截至 2020 年 8 月 22 日，该疾病已在世界 213 个国家蔓延，确诊病例达 22812491 例，全球死亡病例 795132 例。由于缺乏合适的抗病毒药物和疫苗，目前的大流行迫切需要准确的诊断工具，以帮助早期发现患者。包括经典和高通量技术在内的许多检测方法已经开发出来并获得了美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）的批准。然而，人们正在努力开发新的诊断工具来检测这种疾病。几种分子诊断检测方法，如实时聚合酶链反应、实时等温环介导扩增（RT-LAMP）、下一代测序的全基因组分析、成簇规律间隔短回文重复技术和基于微阵列的检测，以及其他技术，如计算机断层扫描、生物标志物、生物传感器、纳米技术、血清学检测、酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）、在细胞培养中分离病毒株，目前可用于诊断 COVID-19 感染。本文简要综述了目前用于检测 SARS-CoV-2 的高通量技术，以及它们的范围和局限性，这些技术可能用于有效控制疾病。
