Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP, 226002, India.
Virol J. 2023 Jul 11;20(1):143. doi: 10.1186/s12985-023-02108-w.
The recent epidemics and pandemics caused by different viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, monkey pox, H1N1, ebola virus etc. have been a cause of mass destruction in the human race, the biggest decline slope in the global economy and mental trauma. A number of viruses have been discovered that may cause serious problems and to overcome this problem, early diagnosis of the viruses and understanding their infection pattern is a must. Early detection of viruses inside the host provides timely management in a strategic manner. Scientists have developed some effective and efficient methods to detect the viruses. In this review, we have explained a few types of diagnostic techniques: Biosensor based, immunological-based, and molecular-based diagnostic techniques that are prominent methodologies to identify and detect the course of infection related to the medical viruses. In biosensor-based diagnostic technique, an analytical device consisting of biological elements and physicochemical component gives a signal upon detection of viral antigen. In immunological-based diagnostic techniques, enzyme-linked antibodies are utilized to find the particular antiviral antibody or viral antigen in human specimens, and nucleic acid-based diagnostic techniques are based on the principle of amplification of the viral genome.
最近由 SARS-CoV-2、猴痘、H1N1、埃博拉病毒等不同病毒引起的疫情和大流行，对人类造成了巨大的破坏，全球经济出现了最大的下滑，也给人们的心理带来了创伤。已经发现了一些可能导致严重问题的病毒，为了克服这个问题，必须及早诊断病毒并了解其感染模式。早期检测宿主体内的病毒可以及时进行战略性管理。科学家们已经开发出一些有效的方法来检测病毒。在这篇综述中，我们解释了几种诊断技术：基于生物传感器的、基于免疫学的和基于分子的诊断技术，这些技术是识别和检测与医学病毒相关的感染过程的突出方法。在基于生物传感器的诊断技术中，由生物元件和物理化学组件组成的分析设备在检测到病毒抗原时会发出信号。在基于免疫学的诊断技术中，酶联抗体被用于在人类标本中寻找特定的抗病毒抗体或病毒抗原，而基于核酸的诊断技术则基于病毒基因组扩增的原理。
