Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
Anal Chem. 2020 Oct 6;92(19):12733-12740. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02745. Epub 2020 Sep 23.
Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles, are released by various cell types. They are found in bodily fluids, including blood, urine, serum, and saliva, and play essential roles in intercellular communication. Exosomes contain various biomarkers, such as nucleic acids and proteins, that reflect the status of their parent cells. Since they influence tumorigenesis and metastasis in cancer patients, exosomes are excellent noninvasive potential indicators for early cancer detection. Aptamers with specific binding properties have distinct advantages over antibodies, making them effective versatile bioreceptors for the detection of exosome biomarkers. Here, we review various aptamer-based exosome detection approaches based on signaling methods, such as fluorescence, colorimetry, and chemiluminescence, focusing on electrochemical strategies that are easier, cost-effective, and more sensitive than others. Further, we discuss the clinical applications of electrochemical exosome analysis strategies as well as future research directions in this field.
外泌体是由各种细胞类型释放的小细胞外囊泡。它们存在于体液中，包括血液、尿液、血清和唾液，并在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。外泌体包含反映其亲代细胞状态的各种生物标志物，如核酸和蛋白质。由于它们影响癌症患者的肿瘤发生和转移，因此外泌体是用于早期癌症检测的优秀非侵入性潜在指标。具有特定结合特性的适体与抗体相比具有明显的优势，使其成为检测外泌体生物标志物的有效多功能生物受体。在这里，我们综述了基于适体的各种外泌体检测方法，这些方法基于信号方法，如荧光、比色法和化学发光法，重点介绍了电化学策略，这些策略比其他方法更容易、更具成本效益、更灵敏。此外，我们还讨论了电化学外泌体分析策略的临床应用以及该领域未来的研究方向。
