Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, P. R. China.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Aug;11(30):e2401069. doi: 10.1002/advs.202401069. Epub 2024 Jun 14.
In recent decades, research on Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) has gained prominence in the life sciences due to their critical roles in both health and disease states, offering promising applications in disease diagnosis, drug delivery, and therapy. However, their inherent heterogeneity and complex origins pose significant challenges to their preparation, analysis, and subsequent clinical application. This review is structured to provide an overview of the biogenesis, composition, and various sources of EVs, thereby laying the groundwork for a detailed discussion of contemporary techniques for their preparation and analysis. Particular focus is given to state-of-the-art technologies that employ both microfluidic and non-microfluidic platforms for EV processing. Furthermore, this discourse extends into innovative approaches that incorporate artificial intelligence and cutting-edge electrochemical sensors, with a particular emphasis on single EV analysis. This review proposes current challenges and outlines prospective avenues for future research. The objective is to motivate researchers to innovate and expand methods for the preparation and analysis of EVs, fully unlocking their biomedical potential.
近几十年来，由于细胞外囊泡（EVs）在健康和疾病状态中的关键作用，其相关研究在生命科学领域备受关注，在疾病诊断、药物输送和治疗方面具有广阔的应用前景。然而，其内在的异质性和复杂的起源对其制备、分析以及随后的临床应用提出了重大挑战。本文的结构旨在概述 EV 的生物发生、组成和各种来源，从而为详细讨论其制备和分析的当代技术奠定基础。特别关注的是利用微流控和非微流控平台进行 EV 处理的最新技术。此外，本文还探讨了将人工智能和先进电化学传感器相结合的创新方法，特别关注于单个 EV 的分析。本文提出了当前的挑战，并概述了未来研究的前景。其目的是激励研究人员创新和扩展 EV 的制备和分析方法，充分挖掘其在生物医学领域的潜力。
