Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020 Dec;55(12):3443-3449. doi: 10.1002/ppul.25062. Epub 2020 Oct 21.
Bronchiectasis (BE) is defined as a permanent, irreversible dilation of the bronchial tree. In the pediatric population, this disease process is most commonly associated with patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, BE unrelated to CF is increasingly noted as a cause of chronic respiratory related morbidity worldwide. Chronic inflammation and recurrent infection result in cellular cascades that lead to irreversible structural changes of the airways. When these architectural changes occur, they confer extensive risks to morbidity usually due to continued infections. In the adult population, BE has been associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is mainly caused by cigarette smoking. In this report, the authors reviewed various cases of BE in the pediatric population at our institution. After a comprehensive case by case review, we compiled details of three cases of newly diagnosed BE where the most likely inciting factor was the electronic cigarette use. Common features of the three cases included at least a year of e-cigarette use with conjunction of tetrahydrocannabinol and radiologic findings of BE, ground glass opacities, and nodule formation.
支气管扩张症（BE）定义为支气管树的永久性、不可逆转扩张。在儿科人群中，这种疾病过程最常与囊性纤维化（CF）患者相关。然而，与 CF 无关的 BE 作为慢性呼吸道相关发病率的全球原因越来越受到关注。慢性炎症和反复感染导致细胞级联反应，导致气道的不可逆转的结构变化。当这些结构变化发生时，由于持续感染，它们会带来广泛的发病风险。在成年人群中，BE 与慢性阻塞性肺疾病有关，主要由吸烟引起。在本报告中，作者回顾了我们机构儿科人群中的各种 BE 病例。经过全面的逐个病例回顾，我们汇编了三例新诊断 BE 的详细信息，其中最可能的诱发因素是电子烟使用。三个病例的共同特征包括至少一年的电子烟使用，与四氢大麻酚结合，并出现 BE 的放射学表现，磨玻璃影和结节形成。
