Wang Hesong, Sun Ye, Xin Jinge, Zhang Tao, Sun Ning, Ni Xueqin, Zeng Dong, Bai Yang
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Aug 13;11:1941. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01941. eCollection 2020.
Researchers are attempting to harness the advantages of the gut-brain axis to prevent neurocognitive disorders by enhancing intestinal health. In this study, four groups of ICR mice were orally gavaged with either phosphate-buffered saline (control and CW groups) or the probiotic strain BS15 (P and PW group; daily amounts of 2 × 10 colony-forming units) for 28 days. From days 22 to 28, the mice in the CW and PW groups were subjected to water-avoidance stress (WAS). The issue of whether psychological stress-induced memory dysfunction can be prevented via BS15 pretreatment to modulate the gut-brain axis was investigated. Results show that BS15 enhanced gut development by increasing villus height in the jejunum and ileum as well as villus height:crypt depth ratio in the ileum. BS15 increased the activities of digestive enzymes, including trypsin and lipase in the jejunum and ileum. The intestinal goblet cell number was also increased by BS15 pretreatment. Moreover, BS15 balanced the gut microbiota by increasing the log DNA gene copies of spp. and and decreasing that of Enterobacteriaceae in the cecum. BS15 also exerted preventive effects on intestinal permeability WAS by modulating diamine oxidase and -lactate levels in the serum and mRNA expression levels of the tight junction proteins claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 in the jejunum and ileum. BS15 pretreatment modulated inflammatory factors, specifically tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-10. BS15 pretreatment improved their performance in two behavioral tests, namely the novel object and T-maze tests. This result indicates that psychological stress-induced memory dysfunction possibly could be prevented through the gut-brain axis. In addition, BS15 exerted beneficial effects on the hippocampus by modulating memory-related functional proteins, especially those related to synaptic plasticity, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and stem cell factor. Moreover, BS15 recovered antioxidant capacity and exerted protective effects on mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis in the hippocampus. Collectively, the modulation of the gut-brain axis by BS15 could be considered a promising non-invasive treatment modality for psychological stress-induced memory dysfunction.
研究人员正试图利用肠-脑轴的优势，通过改善肠道健康来预防神经认知障碍。在本研究中，四组ICR小鼠分别经口灌胃磷酸盐缓冲盐水（对照组和CW组）或益生菌菌株BS15（P组和PW组；每日剂量为2×10个菌落形成单位），持续28天。从第22天到第28天，CW组和PW组的小鼠接受避水应激（WAS）。研究了通过BS15预处理调节肠-脑轴是否可以预防心理应激诱导的记忆功能障碍。结果表明，BS15通过增加空肠和回肠的绒毛高度以及回肠的绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比来促进肠道发育。BS15增加了消化酶的活性，包括空肠和回肠中的胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶。BS15预处理还增加了肠道杯状细胞数量。此外，BS15通过增加盲肠中spp.和的对数DNA基因拷贝数并减少肠杆菌科的拷贝数来平衡肠道微生物群。BS15还通过调节血清中二胺氧化酶和乳酸水平以及空肠和回肠中紧密连接蛋白claudin-1、occludin和ZO-1的mRNA表达水平，对肠道通透性WAS发挥预防作用。BS15预处理调节炎症因子，特别是肿瘤坏死因子-α、干扰素-γ和白细胞介素-10。BS15预处理改善了它们在两项行为测试中的表现，即新物体和T迷宫测试。这一结果表明，心理应激诱导的记忆功能障碍可能可以通过肠-脑轴来预防。此外，BS15通过调节与记忆相关的功能蛋白，特别是与突触可塑性相关的蛋白，如脑源性神经营养因子和干细胞因子，对海马体产生有益影响。此外，BS15恢复了抗氧化能力，并对海马体中线粒体介导的细胞凋亡发挥保护作用。总的来说，BS15对肠-脑轴的调节可被认为是一种有前途的非侵入性治疗心理应激诱导的记忆功能障碍的方法。
