Giles Grace E, Horner Carlene A, Anderson Eric, Elliott Grace M, Brunyé Tad T
U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States.
Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States.
Front Psychol. 2020 Aug 5;11:1663. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01663. eCollection 2020.
Emotional states are thought to influence athletic performance. Emotions characterized by high arousal enhance exercise performance. Extant research has focused on the valence and arousal dimensions of emotions, but not whether the motivational dimension (the extent to which the emotion engenders approach or avoidance behaviors) influences exercise performance. Two studies aimed to determine whether films and music chosen to induce approach- (i.e., anger), avoidance- (i.e., fear), and neutral-oriented emotions would successfully induce their intended emotional states (Study 1) and whether anger and fear emotion inductions would influence 2-mile time trial performance (Study 2). In Study 1, the films and music successfully induced their intended emotions. In Study 2, run time and perceived level of exertion did not differ between emotions across all participants or among faster running participants per a median split. However, among slower running participants, the anger induction increased the 2-mile running speed relative to the neutral induction. These findings suggest that emotions eliciting approach-related motivational states may improve exercise performance, particularly in slower runners.
情绪状态被认为会影响运动表现。以高唤醒为特征的情绪会提高运动表现。现有研究主要关注情绪的效价和唤醒维度，而未探讨动机维度（即情绪引发趋近或回避行为的程度）是否会影响运动表现。两项研究旨在确定选择用于引发趋近导向（如愤怒）、回避导向（如恐惧）和中性导向情绪的电影和音乐是否能成功诱发预期的情绪状态（研究1），以及愤怒和恐惧情绪诱发是否会影响2英里计时赛成绩（研究2）。在研究1中，电影和音乐成功诱发了预期的情绪。在研究2中，所有参与者在不同情绪下的跑步时间和感知运动强度没有差异，按中位数划分，速度较快的跑步参与者之间也没有差异。然而，在速度较慢的跑步参与者中，与中性诱发相比，愤怒诱发提高了2英里的跑步速度。这些发现表明，引发与趋近相关动机状态的情绪可能会改善运动表现，尤其是在速度较慢的跑步者中。
