School of Sport, Performing Arts and Leisure, University of Wolverhampton , UK.
J Sports Sci Med. 2011 Jun 1;10(2):400-7. eCollection 2011.
The present study compared the effects of two different music interventions on changes in emotional states before and during running, and also explored effects of music interventions upon performance outcome. Volunteer participants (n = 65) who regularly listened to music when running registered online to participate in a three-stage study. Participants attempted to attain a personally important running goal to establish baseline performance. Thereafter, participants were randomly assigned to either a self-selected music group or an Audiofuel music group. Audiofuel produce pieces of music designed to assist synchronous running. The self-selected music group followed guidelines for selecting motivating playlists. In both experimental groups, participants used the Brunel Music Rating Inventory-2 (BMRI-2) to facilitate selection of motivational music. Participants again completed the BMRI-2 post- intervention to assess the motivational qualities of Audiofuel music or the music they selected for use during the study. Results revealed no significant differences between self-selected music and Audiofuel music on all variables analyzed. Participants in both music groups reported increased pleasant emotions and decreased unpleasant emotions following intervention. Significant performance improvements were demonstrated post-intervention with participants reporting a belief that emotional states related to performance. Further analysis indicated that enhanced performance was significantly greater among participants reporting music to be motivational as indicated by high scores on the BMRI-2. Findings suggest that both individual athletes and practitioners should consider using the BMRI-2 when selecting music for running. Key pointsListening to music with a high motivational quotient as indicated by scores on the BMRI-2 was associated with enhanced running performance and meta-emotional beliefs that emotions experienced during running helped performance.Beliefs on the effectiveness of music intended to alter emotions were associated with high scores on the BMRI-2.Runners seeking to use music as an emotion regulating strategy should consider using the BMRI-2 as an effective means by which to identify potentially motivating tracks.
本研究比较了两种不同音乐干预措施对跑步前后情绪变化的影响，同时探讨了音乐干预措施对运动表现的影响。经常在跑步时听音乐的志愿者参与者（n=65）在线注册参加了一个三阶段的研究。参与者试图达到个人重要的跑步目标，以建立基线表现。之后，参与者被随机分配到自选音乐组或 Audiofuel 音乐组。Audiofuel 创作的音乐旨在帮助同步跑步。自选音乐组遵循选择激励播放列表的指导方针。在两个实验组中，参与者使用 Brunel 音乐评价量表-2（BMRI-2）来辅助选择激励音乐。参与者在干预后再次完成 BMRI-2，以评估 Audiofuel 音乐或他们在研究期间选择使用的音乐的激励品质。结果显示，在所有分析的变量上，自选音乐和 Audiofuel 音乐之间没有显著差异。两组音乐组的参与者在干预后都报告说愉快情绪增加，不愉快情绪减少。干预后表现显著提高，参与者报告说与表现相关的情绪状态。进一步分析表明，报告音乐具有激励性的参与者（如 BMRI-2 得分较高）的表现显著提高。研究结果表明，个体运动员和从业者在为跑步选择音乐时都应该考虑使用 BMRI-2。主要观点如 BMRI-2 得分所示，听音乐具有高激励性与增强的跑步表现和情绪与表现相关的元情绪信念有关。意图改变情绪的音乐的有效性信念与 BMRI-2 的高分有关。寻求使用音乐作为情绪调节策略的跑步者应考虑使用 BMRI-2，作为识别潜在激励曲目有效的方法。
