Robinson Rhonda, Roberson Kristina B, Onsomu Elijah O, Dearman Catherine, Nicholson Yolanda M, Price Amanda Alise, Duren-Winfield Vanessa
Division of Nursing, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
College of Nursing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.
J Best Pract Health Prof Divers. 2019 Spring;12(1):24-45.
For college students, the transition from adolescence to young adulthood can be a time of increased stress and negative health behaviors, such as poor diet and physical inactivity, that may lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the primary cause of death in the United States. Blacks are disproportionately prone to CVD. Perception of disease risk is a critical predictor of engagement in healthy lifestyle activities intended to reduce CVD development. This project examined the relationship between perceived risk of CVD and health behaviors in Black HBCU students aged 18-25 years. All participants (n = 14) perceived that they were not at risk for heart disease within the next 10 years. Almost half (n = 6, 42.86%) had moderately high CVD risk scores, and three (21.43%) were at high risk for developing CVD. Scores on the subscales for dread risk, risk, and unknown risk were 28.29, 37.67, and 43.86, respectively. Total scores for perceived risk of heart disease ranged from 20 to 80. The Spearman's correlation between these Black college students' perceived dread risk and health responsibility was positive and moderately correlated (r = 0.62, = 0.019). A negative and moderate correlation was demonstrated between unknown perceived risk and health responsibility (r = -0.54, = 0.046). Thus, higher risk perception is correlated with greater health responsibility, while low risk perception is correlated with less health responsibility. Barriers to healthy lifestyle behaviors identified by the sample included lack of time and sleep, physical inactivity, cost, convenience of unhealthy foods, and low perception of developing CVD. A major implication is the benefit of implementing interventions to modify risk perception and college-specific barriers that increase CVD risk.
对于大学生而言，从青少年到青年成年期的转变可能是一个压力增加和出现负面健康行为的时期，比如不良饮食和缺乏身体活动，这些可能会导致心血管疾病（CVD），而心血管疾病是美国的主要死因。黑人患心血管疾病的比例过高。对疾病风险的认知是参与旨在减少心血管疾病发生的健康生活方式活动的关键预测因素。本项目研究了18至25岁的黑人历史上黑人学院与大学（HBCU）学生对心血管疾病的感知风险与健康行为之间的关系。所有参与者（n = 14）都认为他们在未来10年内没有患心脏病的风险。几乎一半（n = 6，42.86%）的人有中度较高的心血管疾病风险评分，三人（21.43%）有患心血管疾病的高风险。恐惧风险、风险和未知风险子量表的得分分别为28.29、37.67和43.86。心脏病感知风险的总分在20到80之间。这些黑人大学生的感知恐惧风险与健康责任感之间的斯皮尔曼相关性为正且呈中度相关（r = 0.62，p = 0.019）。未知感知风险与健康责任感之间呈现负向中度相关（r = -0.54，p = 0.046）。因此，较高的风险认知与更强的健康责任感相关，而较低的风险认知与较弱的健康责任感相关。样本中确定的健康生活方式行为的障碍包括缺乏时间和睡眠、缺乏身体活动、成本、不健康食品的便利性以及对患心血管疾病的低认知。一个主要启示是实施干预措施以改变风险认知和增加心血管疾病风险的特定于大学的障碍的益处。
