Laventie Benoît-Joseph, Jenal Urs
Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; email:
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2020 Sep 8;74:735-760. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-012120-063427.
Bacteria thrive both in liquids and attached to surfaces. The concentration of bacteria on surfaces is generally much higher than in the surrounding environment, offering bacteria ample opportunity for mutualistic, symbiotic, and pathogenic interactions. To efficiently populate surfaces, they have evolved mechanisms to sense mechanical or chemical cues upon contact with solid substrata. This is of particular importance for pathogens that interact with host tissue surfaces. In this review we discuss how bacteria are able to sense surfaces and how they use this information to adapt their physiology and behavior to this new environment. We first survey mechanosensing and chemosensing mechanisms and outline how specific macromolecular structures can inform bacteria about surfaces. We then discuss how mechanical cues are converted to biochemical signals to activate specific cellular processes in a defined chronological order and describe the role of two key second messengers, c-di-GMP and cAMP, in this process.
细菌既能在液体中生长，也能附着于表面生长。表面的细菌浓度通常远高于周围环境，这为细菌提供了进行互利共生、共生和致病相互作用的充足机会。为了有效地在表面定殖，它们进化出了在与固体基质接触时感知机械或化学信号的机制。这对于与宿主组织表面相互作用的病原体尤为重要。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了细菌如何感知表面，以及它们如何利用这些信息来调整自身的生理和行为以适应这种新环境。我们首先概述机械传感和化学传感机制，并概述特定的大分子结构如何向细菌传递有关表面的信息。然后，我们讨论机械信号如何转化为生化信号，以按特定的时间顺序激活特定的细胞过程，并描述两种关键的第二信使环二鸟苷酸（c-di-GMP）和环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）在此过程中的作用。
