Wool Richard P
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716-3144, USA.
Soft Matter. 2008 Feb 21;4(3):400-418. doi: 10.1039/b711716g.
The ability of materials to self-heal from mechanical and thermally induced damage is explored in this paper and has significance in the field of fracture and fatigue. The history and evolution of several self-repair systems is examined including nano-beam healing elements, passive self-healing, autonomic self-healing and ballistic self-repair. Self-healing mechanisms utilized in the design of these unusual materials draw much information from the related field of polymer-polymer interfaces and crack healing. The relationship of material damage to material healing is examined in a manner to provide an understanding of the kinetics and damage reversal processes necessary to impart self-healing characteristics. In self-healing systems, there are transitions from hard-to-soft matter in ballistic impact and solvent bonding and conversely, soft-to-hard matter transitions in high rate yielding materials and shear-thickening fluids. These transitions are examined in terms of a new theory of the glass transition and yielding, viz., the twinkling fractal theory of the hard-to-soft matter transition. Success in the design of self-healing materials has important consequences for material safety, product performance and enhanced fatigue lifetime.
本文探讨了材料从机械和热诱导损伤中自我修复的能力，这在断裂和疲劳领域具有重要意义。研究了几种自我修复系统的历史和演变，包括纳米梁修复元件、被动自我修复、自主自我修复和弹道自我修复。这些特殊材料设计中所采用的自我修复机制从聚合物-聚合物界面和裂纹修复的相关领域汲取了大量信息。以一种能够理解赋予自我修复特性所需的动力学和损伤逆转过程的方式，研究了材料损伤与材料修复之间的关系。在自我修复系统中，弹道冲击和溶剂键合存在从硬物质到软物质的转变，相反，在高速率屈服材料和剪切增稠流体中存在从软物质到硬物质的转变。根据玻璃化转变和屈服的新理论，即硬物质到软物质转变的闪烁分形理论，对这些转变进行了研究。自我修复材料设计的成功对材料安全性、产品性能和延长疲劳寿命具有重要影响。
