Tang Bohan, Zhao Jiantao, Xu Jiang-Fei, Zhang Xi
Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
Chemistry. 2020 Dec 1;26(67):15446-15460. doi: 10.1002/chem.202003897. Epub 2020 Nov 9.
The control over chemical reactivity and selectivity are always pursued. Using non-covalent interactions to achieve efficient and selective catalysis is an essential goal of supramolecular catalysis. Supramolecular catalysis based on cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]s) possesses distinct characteristics for the unique structure of CB[n]s. CB[n]s are a family of pumpkin-shaped host molecules with various molecular sizes, rigid structures, electronegative portals and wealthy host-guest chemistry. Herein, we summarize the three major mechanisms of CB[n]s based supramolecular catalysis. Owing to the structural properties of CB[n]s, CB[n]s can serve as nanoreactors and steric hindrance to modulate the reactivity of substrates. They can also catalyze the reactions by modulating the reactivity of ionized intermediates. Recent progresses on the CB[n]s based supramolecular catalysis are introduced in this Minireview and the future development in this field is discussed. It is anticipated that this review provides insights into the mechanism of CB[n]s based supramolecular catalysis and may help scientists find new opportunities in this field.
人们一直在追求对化学反应性和选择性的控制。利用非共价相互作用实现高效且选择性的催化是超分子催化的一个重要目标。基于葫芦脲（CB[n]）的超分子催化因其独特的结构而具有鲜明的特点。CB[n]是一族具有不同分子尺寸、刚性结构、带负电的端口以及丰富主客体化学性质的南瓜形主体分子。在此，我们总结了基于CB[n]的超分子催化的三种主要机制。由于CB[n]的结构特性，CB[n]可作为纳米反应器和空间位阻来调节底物的反应性。它们还能通过调节离子化中间体的反应性来催化反应。本综述介绍了基于CB[n]的超分子催化的最新进展，并讨论了该领域的未来发展。预计本综述能为基于CB[n]的超分子催化机制提供见解，并可能帮助科学家们在该领域找到新的机遇。
