Department of Innovation and Technology Management, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
Ergonomics. 2021 Feb;64(2):225-240. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1822547. Epub 2020 Oct 1.
Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) is an important methodology in ergonomics for studying workplaces and work patterns. Using eye tracking as a CTA methodology, this article explores visual search patterns in complex work environments and situations. It presents a simulated crime scene case study that applies eye tracking-based experiments in foraging and sense-making loops to elicit and represent knowledge on expert versus novice search patterns for complex work. The case probes the visual search task of preliminarily evaluating and documenting potential crime scene evidence. The experimental protocol relies on the ASL Mobile Eye and the analyses of experimental data include preliminary inspections of live-viewing data on eye-movements, precedence matrices detailing scan paths, and gaze charts that illustrate participants' attention based on fixation counts and durations. In line with the CTA methodology, the article uses concept maps to represent knowledge derived from different phases of the study. The article also discusses the research implications and methodologically reflects on the case study. This study offers valuable insights for work design. The use of eye tracking as a CTA methodology offers potentials for translating visual search tasks into defined visual search concepts for complex work environments and situations. The ability to model visual attention is valuable for work designs that improve complex work performance, reduce work stress, and promote work satisfaction.
认知任务分析（CTA）是人机工程学中研究工作场所和工作模式的重要方法。本文将眼动追踪作为一种 CTA 方法，探讨了复杂工作环境和情境中的视觉搜索模式。它介绍了一个模拟犯罪现场的案例研究，该研究将基于眼动追踪的实验应用于觅食和感知循环中，以引出和表示专家与新手在复杂工作中的搜索模式的知识。该案例探讨了初步评估和记录潜在犯罪现场证据的视觉搜索任务。实验方案依赖于 ASL Mobile Eye，实验数据分析包括对眼动实时数据的初步检查、详细描述扫描路径的优先矩阵，以及基于注视次数和持续时间说明参与者注意力的注视图。根据 CTA 方法，本文使用概念图来表示从研究不同阶段得出的知识。文章还讨论了研究意义，并对案例研究进行了方法论反思。本研究为工作设计提供了有价值的见解。将眼动追踪作为 CTA 方法的应用为将视觉搜索任务转化为复杂工作环境和情境中的定义视觉搜索概念提供了潜力。对视觉注意力进行建模的能力对于提高复杂工作绩效、降低工作压力和促进工作满意度的工作设计具有重要价值。
