Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Public Health Nutr. 2021 Jun;24(9):2650-2668. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020002402. Epub 2020 Sep 11.
The current study undertook a systematic scoping review on the drivers and implications of dietary changes among Inuit in the Canadian Arctic.
A keyword search of peer-reviewed articles was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, Circumpolar Health Bibliographic Database and High North Research Documents. Eligibility criteria included all full-text articles of any design reporting on research on food consumption, nutrient intake, dietary adequacy, dietary change, food security, nutrition-related chronic diseases or traditional food harvesting and consumption among Inuit populations residing in Canada. Articles reporting on in vivo and in vitro experiments or on health impacts of environmental contaminants were excluded.
A total of 162 studies were included. Studies indicated declining country food (CF) consumption in favour of market food (MF). Drivers of this transition include colonial processes, poverty and socio-economic factors, changing food preferences and knowledge, and climate change. Health implications of the dietary transition are complex. Micro-nutrient deficiencies and dietary inadequacy are serious concerns and likely exacerbated by increased consumption of non-nutrient dense MF. Food insecurity, overweight, obesity and related cardiometabolic health outcomes are growing public health concerns. Meanwhile, declining CF consumption is entangled with shifting culture and traditional knowledge, with potential implications for psychological, spiritual, social and cultural health and well-being.
By exploring and synthesising published literature, this review provides insight into the complex factors influencing Inuit diet and health. Findings may be informative for future research, decision-making and intersectoral actions around risk assessment, food policy and innovative community programmes.
本研究对加拿大北极地区因纽特人饮食变化的驱动因素和影响进行了系统的范围综述。
使用 PubMed、Web of Science、CINAHL、Academic Search Premier、环极健康文献数据库和高北研究文件，对同行评议文章进行了关键词搜索。纳入标准包括所有全文文章，无论设计如何，均报告了加拿大因纽特人群的食物消费、营养素摄入、膳食充足性、膳食变化、粮食安全、与营养相关的慢性疾病或传统食物采集和消费方面的研究。排除了报告体内和体外实验或环境污染物健康影响的文章。
共纳入 162 项研究。研究表明，传统食物（CF）的消费下降，而市场食物（MF）的消费增加。这种转变的驱动因素包括殖民进程、贫困和社会经济因素、不断变化的食物偏好和知识，以及气候变化。饮食转变的健康影响是复杂的。微量营养素缺乏和膳食不足是严重的问题，而且由于对非营养密集型 MF 的消费增加，这些问题可能会加剧。粮食不安全、超重、肥胖和相关的心血管代谢健康问题是日益严重的公共卫生问题。与此同时，传统食物消费的下降与文化和传统知识的转变交织在一起，可能对心理、精神、社会和文化健康和福祉产生影响。
通过探索和综合已发表的文献，本综述提供了对影响因纽特人饮食和健康的复杂因素的深入了解。研究结果可能为未来的风险评估、食品政策和创新社区计划方面的研究、决策和跨部门行动提供信息。
