Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Sports Health Unit, Vithas 9 de Octubre Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
PLoS One. 2020 Sep 11;15(9):e0238846. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238846. eCollection 2020.
The study aimed at assessing the acute physiological effects of running a 65-km vs a 107-km mountain ultramarathon. Nineteen athletes (15 males and 4 females) from the shorter race and forty three athletes (26 males and 17 females) from the longer race were enrolled. Body weight, respiratory and lower limb strength were assessed before and after the race. Blood samples were obtained before, after and 24-h post-race. Body weight loss did not differ between races. A decrease in squat jump height (p<0.01; d = 1.4), forced vital capacity (p<0.01; d = 0.5), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (p<0.01; d = 0.6), peak inspiratory flow (p<0.01; d = 0.6) and maximal inspiratory pressure (p<0.01; d = 0.8) was observed after the longer race; while, after the shorter race only maximal inspiratory pressure declined (p<0.01; d = 0.5). Greater post-race concentrations of creatine kinase (p<0.01; d = 0.9) and C-reactive protein (p<0.01; d = 2.3) were observed following the longer race, while high-sensitivity cardiac troponin was higher after the shorter race (p<0.01; d = 0.3). Sodium decreased post-competition only after the shorter race (p = 0.02; d = 0.6), while creatinine increased only following the longer race (p<0.01; d = 1.5). In both groups, glomerular filtration rate declined at post-race (longer race: p<0.01, d = 2.1; shorter race: p = 0.01, d = 1.4) and returned to baseline values at 24 h post-race. In summary, expiratory and lower-limb fatigue, and muscle damage and inflammatory response were greater following the longer race; while a higher release of cardiac troponins was observed after the shorter race. The alteration and restoration of renal function was similar after either race.
这项研究旨在评估 65 公里和 107 公里山地超长马拉松比赛的急性生理影响。19 名参加较短比赛的运动员（15 名男性和 4 名女性）和 43 名参加较长比赛的运动员（26 名男性和 17 名女性）被纳入研究。在比赛前后评估体重、呼吸和下肢力量。在比赛前后和赛后 24 小时采集血样。比赛后体重减轻在两种比赛中没有差异。深蹲跳高度下降（p<0.01；d = 1.4）、用力肺活量（p<0.01；d = 0.5）、1 秒用力呼气量（p<0.01；d = 0.6）、峰吸气流速（p<0.01；d = 0.6）和最大吸气压力（p<0.01；d = 0.8）在较长比赛后观察到；而在较短比赛后仅最大吸气压力下降（p<0.01；d = 0.5）。在较长比赛后观察到更高的赛后肌酸激酶浓度（p<0.01；d = 0.9）和 C 反应蛋白浓度（p<0.01；d = 2.3），而在较短比赛后则观察到更高的高敏心肌肌钙蛋白浓度（p<0.01；d = 0.3）。仅在较短比赛后，钠在比赛后减少（p = 0.02；d = 0.6），而肌酐仅在较长比赛后增加（p<0.01；d = 1.5）。在两组中，肾小球滤过率在赛后下降（较长比赛：p<0.01，d = 2.1；较短比赛：p = 0.01，d = 1.4），并在赛后 24 小时恢复到基线值。总之，在较长比赛后，呼气和下肢疲劳、肌肉损伤和炎症反应更大；而在较短比赛后观察到更高的心肌肌钙蛋白释放。两种比赛后肾功能的改变和恢复相似。
