Barrak Fadi N, Li Siwei, Muntane Albert M, Jones Julian R
Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
Int J Implant Dent. 2020 Sep 12;6(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s40729-020-00247-1.
With increasing numbers of dental implants placed annually, complications such as peri-implantitis and the subsequent periprosthetic osteolysis are becoming a major concern. Implantoplasty, a commonly used treatment of peri-implantitis, aims to remove plaque from exposed implants and reduce future microbial adhesion and colonisation by mechanically modifying the implant surface topography, delaying re-infection/colonisation of the site. This in vitro study aims to investigate the release of particles from dental implants and their effects on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), following an in vitro mock implantoplasty procedure with a diamond burr.
Commercially available implants made from grade 4 (commercially pure, CP) titanium (G4) and grade 5 Ti-6Al-4 V titanium (G5) alloy implants were investigated. Implant particle compositions were quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) following acid digestion. HGFs were cultured in presence of implant particles, and viability was determined using a metabolic activity assay.
Microparticles and nanoparticles were released from both G4 and G5 implants following the mock implantoplasty procedure. A small amount of vanadium ions were released from G5 particles following immersion in both simulated body fluid and cell culture medium, resulting in significantly reduced viability of HGFs after 10 days of culture.
There is a need for careful evaluation of the materials used in dental implants and the potential risks of the individual constituents of any alloy. The potential cytotoxicity of G5 titanium alloy particles should be considered when choosing a device for dental implants. Additionally, regardless of implant material, the implantoplasty procedure can release nanometre-sized particles, the full systemic effect of which is not fully understood. As such, authors do not recommend implantoplasty for the treatment of peri-implantitis.
随着每年种植牙植入数量的增加，诸如种植体周围炎及随后的假体周围骨溶解等并发症正成为一个主要问题。种植体表面修整术是一种常用的治疗种植体周围炎的方法，其目的是通过机械改变种植体表面形貌，从暴露的种植体上去除菌斑，减少未来微生物的黏附和定植，延缓该部位的再次感染/定植。本体外研究旨在通过使用金刚石牙钻进行体外模拟种植体表面修整术后，研究种植牙释放的颗粒及其对人牙龈成纤维细胞（HGFs）的影响。
研究了由4级（商业纯钛，CP）钛（G4）和5级Ti-6Al-4V钛合金（G5）制成的市售种植体。酸消解后，通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）对种植体颗粒成分进行定量分析。将HGFs在种植体颗粒存在的情况下进行培养，并使用代谢活性测定法测定细胞活力。
模拟种植体表面修整术后，G4和G5种植体均释放出微粒和纳米颗粒。G5颗粒在模拟体液和细胞培养基中浸泡后，会释放出少量钒离子，导致培养10天后HGFs的活力显著降低。
需要仔细评估种植牙使用的材料以及任何合金中各成分的潜在风险。在选择种植牙装置时，应考虑G5钛合金颗粒的潜在细胞毒性。此外，无论种植体材料如何，种植体表面修整术都可能释放纳米级颗粒，其对全身的影响尚不完全清楚。因此，作者不建议使用种植体表面修整术治疗种植体周围炎。
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