Alipoor Shamila D, Adcock Ian M, Tabarsi Payam, Folkerts Gert, Mortaz Esmaeil
Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2020 Nov 5;886:173529. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173529. Epub 2020 Sep 10.
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most lethal global infectious diseases. Despite the availability of much higher levels of technology in health and medicine, tuberculosis still remains a serious global health problem. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has the capacity for prolonged survival inside macrophages by exploiting host metabolic and energy pathways and perturbing autophagy and apoptosis of infected cells. The mechanism(s) underlying this process are not completely understood but evidence suggests that mycobacteria subvert the host miRNA network to enable mycobacterial survival. We present here a comprehensive review on the role of miRNAs in TB immune escape mechanisms and the potential for miRNA-based TB therapeutics. Further validation studies are required to (i) elucidate the precise effect of TB on host miRNAs, (ii) determine the inhibition of mycobacterial burden using miRNA-based therapies and (iii) identify novel miRNA biomarkers that may prove useful in TB diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
结核病（TB）是全球最致命的传染病之一。尽管医疗卫生和医学领域已有更高水平的技术，但结核病仍然是一个严重的全球健康问题。结核分枝杆菌能够通过利用宿主的代谢和能量途径以及干扰受感染细胞的自噬和凋亡，在巨噬细胞内长期存活。这一过程背后的机制尚未完全明了，但有证据表明，分枝杆菌会颠覆宿主的微小RNA（miRNA）网络，以实现其存活。在此，我们对miRNA在结核病免疫逃逸机制中的作用以及基于miRNA的结核病治疗潜力进行全面综述。还需要进一步的验证研究来：（i）阐明结核病对宿主miRNA的确切影响；（ii）确定基于miRNA的疗法对分枝杆菌负荷的抑制作用；以及（iii）识别可能对结核病诊断和治疗监测有用的新型miRNA生物标志物。
