Souza Camila Oliveira Silva, Gardinassi Luiz Gustavo, Rodrigues Vanderlei, Faccioli Lúcia Helena
Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Aug 12;11:1973. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01973. eCollection 2020.
Infection by parasites culminates in a chronic granulomatous disease characterized by intense tissue fibrosis. Along the course of schistosomiasis, diverse leukocytes are recruited for inflammatory foci. Innate immune cell accumulation in Th2-driven granulomas around eggs is associated with increased collagen deposition, while monocytes and macrophages exert critical roles during this process. Monocytes are recruited to damaged tissues from blood, produce TGF-β and differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), which become alternatively activated by IL-4/IL-13 signaling via IL-4Rα (AAMs). AAMs are key players of tissue repair and wound healing in response to infection. Alternative activation of macrophages is characterized by the activation of STAT6 that coordinates the transcription of , and In addition to these markers, monocyte-derived AAMs also express and AAMs produce high levels of IL-10 and TGF-β that minimizes tissue damage caused by egg accumulation in tissues. In this review, we provide support to previous findings about the host response to infection reusing public transcriptome data. Importantly, we discuss the role of monocytes and macrophages with emphasis on the mechanisms of alternative macrophage activation during schistosomiasis.
寄生虫感染最终会导致一种以强烈组织纤维化为特征的慢性肉芽肿性疾病。在血吸虫病病程中，多种白细胞被募集到炎症病灶处。在由Th2驱动的虫卵周围肉芽肿中，固有免疫细胞的聚集与胶原沉积增加有关，而单核细胞和巨噬细胞在此过程中发挥关键作用。单核细胞从血液中被募集到受损组织，产生转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）并分化为单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞（MDM），后者通过IL-4Rα经由IL-4/IL-13信号传导被交替激活（AAM）。AAM是感染后组织修复和伤口愈合的关键参与者。巨噬细胞的交替激活以STAT6的激活为特征，STAT6协调相关基因的转录。除了这些标志物外，单核细胞衍生的AAM还表达其他分子。AAM产生高水平的IL-10和TGF-β，从而使组织中虫卵聚集所造成的组织损伤最小化。在本综述中，我们利用公开的转录组数据为先前关于宿主对感染反应的研究结果提供支持。重要的是，我们讨论单核细胞和巨噬细胞的作用，重点是血吸虫病期间巨噬细胞交替激活的机制。
