Olalere Olusegun Abayomi, Gan Chee-Yuen, Abdurahman Hamid Nour, Adeyi Oladayo, Ahmad Mani Malam
Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Malaysia.
Heliyon. 2020 Aug 29;6(8):e04770. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04770. eCollection 2020 Aug.
The increase in wastes generated from jackfruit seeds has been largely under-utilized in Malaysia. Due to the high nutritional and medicinal content embedded in the cellulosic structure of jackfruit wastes, a need then arises for their physicochemical elucidations. In this study, the extraction of seed was carefully investigated using Taguchi orthogonal optimization design. Complete functional group characteristics and chemical profile of the seed extracts were obtained using different physicochemical characterization. The optimal conditions of the microwave extraction parameters were determined at 5 min of irradiation time, 450 W of power and 50 °C of temperature. Under this condition, the optimal yield of 17.34 (mg/g) % was achieved at an SNR ratio of 24.78. The mass spectrometry analysis tentatively identified a total of 90 and 148 secondary metabolites at positive and negative ESI modes, respectively. The chemical profile obtained provided a baseline reference for further investigation on the food and medicinal bioactive from seed oleoresins. The FT-infrared emission spectrum shows the presence of some specific carbohydrates and amide protein functional groups directly linked to C-O (1008 cm) the carbonyl (C=O) groups, respectively. Moreover, the morphological characteristics of the jackfruit raw and crude extracts conspicuously revealed large-sized globules which suggest the carbohydrates and protein contents. The result of this study indicates that the use of microwave extraction technology produced high-quality extracts with lower degradation of the thermal labile constituents. This will assist in determining the suitable conditions necessary for the total recovery of medicinal and nutritional constituents and conversion of agricultural waste products into useful products.
马来西亚对菠萝蜜种子产生的废弃物利用率一直很低。由于菠萝蜜废弃物的纤维素结构中含有丰富的营养和药用成分，因此有必要对其进行物理化学解析。在本研究中，采用田口正交优化设计对种子提取物进行了详细研究。通过不同的物理化学表征方法，获得了种子提取物完整的官能团特征和化学图谱。确定微波提取参数的最佳条件为辐照时间5分钟、功率450瓦、温度50℃。在此条件下，获得了最佳产率17.34（mg/g）%，信噪比为24.78。质谱分析分别在正离子和负离子电喷雾电离模式下初步鉴定出90种和148种次生代谢产物。所获得的化学图谱为进一步研究种子油树脂中的食品和药用生物活性成分提供了基线参考。傅里叶变换红外发射光谱显示存在一些特定的碳水化合物和酰胺蛋白官能团，分别直接与C-O（1008 cm）和羰基（C=O）基团相连。此外，菠萝蜜生提取物和粗提取物的形态特征明显显示出大尺寸的球体，这表明其中含有碳水化合物和蛋白质成分。本研究结果表明，微波提取技术能产生高质量的提取物，且热不稳定成分的降解较少。这将有助于确定全面回收药用和营养成分以及将农业废弃物转化为有用产品所需的合适条件。
