School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia.
Psychol Assess. 2020 Dec;32(12):1095-1105. doi: 10.1037/pas0000947. Epub 2020 Sep 14.
Although anomalous perceptual experiences are common in healthy older adults, they remain poorly characterized. In particular, it is unclear whether the phenomenology of these experiences differs between healthy older and younger adults. The current study examined similarities and differences in the factor structure of the Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale (CAPS) in healthy, community-dwelling older (n = 194; Mage = 71.89, SD = 7.74, range = 52-91; 69.1% female) and younger adults (n = 421, Mage = 19.40, SD = 2.44, range = 17-34; 69.6% female; N = 615), using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, together with measurement invariance testing. The results found that a 2-factor correlated model comprising 23 of the original 32 CAPS items provided the best fit to the data. Further, scalar invariance was found between the two samples, indicating equivalence of the factor structure, factor loadings, and thresholds by age group. Compared with younger adults, the latent group means of older adults were also found to be equal on Factor 1, but significantly lower on Factor 2. Evidence of scalar age invariance on the CAPS suggests that this tool is valid for making comparisons between older and younger adults on two dimensions of anomalous perceptual experiences. Further, the results suggest that anomalous perceptions in the general community may be characterized by two components: anomalous body-centered self-experiences (e.g., alterations in body, touch, smell, and taste perception) and anomalous external experiences (e.g., auditory, visual, and sensed presence hallucinations); each of which may have different causes, correlates, and consequences for healthy ageing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
尽管异常知觉体验在健康的老年人中很常见,但它们的特征仍不清楚。特别是,尚不清楚这些体验的现象学在健康的老年人和年轻人之间是否存在差异。本研究通过探索性和验证性因子分析,以及测量不变性检验,考察了健康的社区居住老年人(n = 194;Mage = 71.89,SD = 7.74,范围为 52-91;69.1%女性)和年轻人(n = 421,Mage = 19.40,SD = 2.44,范围为 17-34;69.6%女性;N = 615)之间在 Cardiff 异常知觉量表(CAPS)的因子结构上的相似性和差异。结果发现,由 32 项 CAPS 原始项目中的 23 项组成的 2 个因子相关模型最适合数据。此外,在两个样本之间发现了标度不变性,表明因子结构、因子负荷和年龄组的阈值具有等效性。与年轻人相比,老年人的潜在组均值在因子 1 上也相等,但在因子 2 上显著较低。CAPS 上的标度年龄不变性证据表明,该工具可用于在异常知觉体验的两个维度上对老年人和年轻人进行比较。此外,结果表明,一般社区中的异常知觉可能由两个成分来表征:异常的身体中心自我体验(例如,身体、触觉、嗅觉和味觉感知的改变)和异常的外部体验(例如,听觉、视觉和感知到的存在幻觉);每个成分可能有不同的原因、相关性和对健康衰老的影响。(PsycInfo 数据库记录(c)2020 APA,保留所有权利)。