Gangarosa E J
Postgrad Med. 1977 Aug;62(2):113-7. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1977.11714583.
Diarrheal diseases result from two different processes: toxin elaboration by pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae and some strains of Escherichia coli and invasion of tissue, eg, by shigellae and salmonellae. Intestinal motility serves as a normal cleansing mechanism of the intestine, and drugs that decrease this motility may facilitate replication of pathogens and their attachment to or invasion of the intestinal tissue. Therapy should not be aimed at suppressing the symptom of diarrhea. It is now known that the electrolytes lost in the course of diarrheal disease can be replaced orally if they are given in solution with glucose. Although commercial preparations are not readily available, an effective solution can be made from ingredients commonly found in the home. Oral rehydration has greatly simplified treatment and has significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with diarrheal diseases.
病原体（如霍乱弧菌和某些大肠杆菌菌株）产生毒素，以及（如志贺氏菌和沙门氏菌）侵袭组织。肠道蠕动是肠道正常的清洁机制，而降低这种蠕动的药物可能会促进病原体的繁殖及其对肠道组织的附着或侵袭。治疗不应旨在抑制腹泻症状。现在已知，如果腹泻病过程中丢失的电解质与葡萄糖一起制成溶液口服，就可以得到补充。虽然市售制剂不易获得，但可以用家中常见的成分制成有效的溶液。口服补液极大地简化了治疗，并显著降低了与腹泻病相关的发病率和死亡率。
