Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2020 Sep 14;15(9):e0238921. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238921. eCollection 2020.
The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition and lipid profile of colostrum and milk of purebred Quarter Horse mares. Thirty-four (34) purebred mares were selected, which were then separated into groups according to age, birth order and lactation stage. Colostrum samples were collected in the first six hours after delivery and milk samples from the 7th postpartum day, with intervals of 14 days until the end of lactation. The samples were refrigerated and sent to the Milk Laboratory of the University (Laboleite-UFRN), where they were analyzed for chemical composition. Colostrum was assessed by refractometry. The lipid profile was determined by gas chromatography through a separation of methyl esters. The data were tabulated and subjected to descriptive statistics and analysis of variance by the F-Test, and the groups were compared by the Tukey test using a significance level of 5%. There was high protein content and reduced lactose content for the colostrum of the Quarter Horse mares, differing from other breeds. The milk composition was not influenced by the mares' age. However, variations in the lactation stage and in the birth order of the Quarter Horse mares altered the milk's chemical composition. There is variation in the lipid composition of milk according to the lactation stage, without changing the characteristic profile of the mares' milk or diminishing the nutritional quality of the lipid fraction.
本研究的目的是描述纯种夸特马母马初乳和常乳的化学成分和脂质谱。选择了 34 匹纯种母马，然后根据年龄、胎次和泌乳阶段将其分组。在分娩后 6 小时内采集初乳样本，并在第 7 天开始采集常乳样本，每隔 14 天采集一次，直到泌乳结束。样品冷藏后送到大学的牛奶实验室（Laboleite-UFRN）进行分析。初乳通过折射计进行评估。脂质谱通过气相色谱通过甲酯分离来确定。数据以表格形式列出，并进行描述性统计和 F 检验方差分析，然后使用 Tukey 检验比较各组，置信水平为 5%。夸特马母马的初乳蛋白含量高，乳糖含量低，与其他品种不同。马的年龄对牛奶成分没有影响。然而，泌乳阶段和胎次的变化改变了牛奶的化学成分。根据泌乳阶段，牛奶的脂质成分存在差异，但不会改变母马牛奶的特征谱，也不会降低脂质部分的营养价值。
