Martini Mina, Degl'Innocenti Andrea, Altomonte Iolanda, Sodi Irene, Bocci Carlotta, Fanelli Diana, Moroni Rebecca, Panzani Duccio, Camillo Francesco, Salari Federica
Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena, Policlinico S. Maria alle Scotte, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2024 May 27;14(11):1585. doi: 10.3390/ani14111585.
Despite their inability to reproduce naturally, mules can host embryos and be surrogate dams. The aim of this investigation was to increase our knowledge of the qualitative composition of mule's milk and its variations throughout the whole lactation period-namely, from 6 h after foaling to 180 days in milk (DIM). Milk was obtained from a mule dam that had foaled after receiving a mule embryo transfer. For each sample, the gross, mineral, and fatty acid composition was evaluated. The average quality of the mule milk was as follows: protein 1.97 g 100 mL, fat 0.90 g 100 mL, and ash 0.39 g 100 mL. Saturated fatty acids made up, on average, 50.00 g 100 g of fat. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids made up half of the total fatty acid content (31.80 g 100 g and 18.2 g 100 g of fat, respectively). Linoleic acid and linolenic acid were the main polyunsaturated fatty acids in the milk. The milk composition changed throughout lactation. Dry matter, protein, fat, and ash decreased significantly from early lactation (6 h to 14 DIM). The n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased at the end of lactation. The changes in milk composition throughout lactation are probably due to adaptations to the growth requirements of the foal.
尽管骡子无法自然繁殖，但它们可以孕育胚胎并成为代孕母畜。本研究的目的是增进我们对骡奶质量成分及其在整个泌乳期（即从产后6小时到产奶180天）变化的了解。奶样取自一头接受骡胚胎移植后产驹的代孕母骡。对每个样本的总体、矿物质和脂肪酸成分进行了评估。骡奶的平均质量如下：蛋白质1.97克/100毫升，脂肪0.90克/100毫升，灰分0.39克/100毫升。饱和脂肪酸平均占脂肪的50.00克/100克。单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸分别占总脂肪酸含量的一半（分别为31.80克/100克和18.2克/100克脂肪）。亚油酸和亚麻酸是奶中主要的多不饱和脂肪酸。奶的成分在整个泌乳期都会发生变化。从泌乳早期（产后6小时到14天）开始，干物质、蛋白质、脂肪和灰分显著下降。n3多不饱和脂肪酸在泌乳末期减少。整个泌乳期奶成分的变化可能是由于对驹生长需求的适应。
