Knoblauch Rachael, Geddes Chris D
Institute of Fluorescence and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
Materials (Basel). 2020 Sep 10;13(18):4004. doi: 10.3390/ma13184004.
Antibiotic resistance development in bacteria is an ever-increasing global health concern as new resistant strains and/or resistance mechanisms emerge each day, out-pacing the discovery of novel antibiotics. Increasingly, research focuses on alternate techniques, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) or photocatalytic disinfection, to combat pathogens even before infection occurs. Small molecule "photosensitizers" have been developed to date for this application, using light energy to inflict damage and death on nearby pathogens via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These molecular agents are frequently limited in widespread application by synthetic expense and complexity. Carbon dots, or fluorescent, quasi-spherical nanoparticle structures, provide an inexpensive and "green" solution for a new class of APDT photosensitizers. To date, reviews have examined the overall antimicrobial properties of carbon dot structures. Herein we provide a focused review on the recent progress for carbon nanodots in photodynamic disinfection, highlighting select studies of carbon dots as intrinsic photosensitizers, structural tuning strategies for optimization, and their use in hybrid disinfection systems and materials. Limitations and challenges are also discussed, and contemporary experimental strategies presented. This review provides a focused foundation for which APDT using carbon dots may be expanded in future research, ultimately on a global scale.
随着每天都有新的耐药菌株和/或耐药机制出现，细菌中的抗生素耐药性发展已成为一个日益严重的全球健康问题，其速度超过了新型抗生素的发现速度。越来越多的研究集中在替代技术上，如抗菌光动力疗法（APDT）或光催化消毒，以便在感染发生之前对抗病原体。到目前为止，已经开发出小分子“光敏剂”用于此应用，利用光能通过产生活性氧（ROS）对附近的病原体造成损伤和死亡。这些分子试剂在广泛应用中常常受到合成成本和复杂性的限制。碳点，即荧光准球形纳米颗粒结构，为一类新型的APDT光敏剂提供了一种廉价且“绿色”的解决方案。迄今为止，已有综述研究了碳点结构的整体抗菌性能。在此，我们重点综述了碳纳米点在光动力消毒方面的最新进展，突出了对碳点作为固有光敏剂的精选研究、优化的结构调控策略以及它们在混合消毒系统和材料中的应用。还讨论了局限性和挑战，并介绍了当代实验策略。本综述为未来研究中可能扩大使用碳点进行APDT提供了一个重点基础，最终在全球范围内实现。
