Rampone A J, Reynolds P J
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201.
Life Sci. 1988;43(2):93-110. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(88)90286-x.
The energy balance equation applicable to all living organisms was used as a framework on which to construct a critical review of some of the more controversial aspects of the obesity problem. The equation matches energy intake against all the known forms of work that the body does in utilizing that energy, including external and internal work and the work of adipose tissue synthesis (stored energy). Equations representing everyday living conditions, resting, fasting and basal conditions were constructed. The equation applicable to everyday living (working, non-fasting) was used to develop a set of model paradigms to illustrate some of the devices that can be invoked to decrease expenditure and conserve energy. These served as models of how obesity can arise in the absence of calorie overconsumption. The same equation was then used to create a set of opposite paradigms showing how obesity can be prevented by increasing expenditure to waste energy and stabilize body weight when challenged by hyperphagia. In order to see caloric intake and the various work terms in their proper quantitative relationships it was necessary to assign numerical values to the equation. These were selected from published reports of caloric values representative of a non-obese adult of average size engaged in a typical white collar occupation. It was then easy to adjust these assigned values commensurate with the objectives described in the preceding paragraph. Since obesity research is hampered by a confusing array of metabolic interactions it was essential to alter only one of the energy terms at a time, excluding all metabolic interactions except for those unavoidable ones dictated by the laws of thermodynamics. Only in this way could we see the body's multiple energy forms in clear perspective with regard to their real quantitative significance in the energy balance sheet and their potential impact on body weight. Creating these models gave us the added advantage of enabling us better to evaluate the scientific literature because the data we generated, although theoretical, served as excellent standards against which to compare the real data that have emanated from research laboratories.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
适用于所有生物体的能量平衡方程被用作一个框架，在此基础上对肥胖问题中一些更具争议性的方面进行批判性综述。该方程将能量摄入与身体利用该能量时所做的所有已知工作形式相匹配，包括外部和内部工作以及脂肪组织合成（储存能量）的工作。构建了代表日常生活条件、休息、禁食和基础条件的方程。适用于日常生活（工作、非禁食）的方程被用于开发一组模型范式，以说明一些可用于减少能量消耗和保存能量的机制。这些范式可作为在没有热量过度摄入的情况下肥胖如何产生的模型。然后，使用相同的方程创建了一组相反的范式，展示了在受到暴饮暴食挑战时，如何通过增加能量消耗以浪费能量并稳定体重来预防肥胖。为了看清热量摄入与各种工作项之间的正确定量关系，有必要为方程赋予数值。这些数值选自已发表的热量值报告，这些报告代表从事典型白领职业的非肥胖平均体型成年人。然后很容易根据前一段所述的目标调整这些赋值。由于肥胖研究受到一系列令人困惑的代谢相互作用的阻碍，一次仅改变一个能量项至关重要，排除所有代谢相互作用，除了那些由热力学定律决定的不可避免的相互作用。只有这样，我们才能从清晰的角度看待身体的多种能量形式在能量平衡表中的实际定量意义及其对体重的潜在影响。创建这些模型给我们带来了额外的优势，使我们能够更好地评估科学文献，因为我们生成的数据虽然是理论性的，但却是用于比较研究实验室产生的实际数据的优秀标准。（摘要截取自400字）
