Beaulieu Kristine, Hopkins Mark, Blundell John, Finlayson Graham
School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017 Feb 6;14(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s12966-017-0473-3.
Passive overconsumption is the increase in energy intake driven by the high-fat energy-dense food environment. This can be explained in part because dietary fat has a weaker effect on satiation (i.e. process that terminates feeding). Habitually active individuals show improved satiety (i.e. process involved in post-meal suppression of hunger) but any improvement in satiation is unknown. Here we examined whether habitual physical activity mitigates passive overconsumption through enhanced satiation in response to a high-fat meal.
Twenty-one non-obese individuals with high levels of physical activity (HiPA) and 19 individuals with low levels of physical activity (LoPA) matched for body mass index (mean = 22.8 kg/m) were recruited. Passive overconsumption was assessed by comparing ad libitum energy intake from covertly manipulated high-fat (HFAT; 50% fat) or high-carbohydrate (HCHO; 70% carbohydrate) meals in a randomized crossover design. Habitual physical activity was assessed using SenseWear accelerometers (SWA). Body composition, resting metabolic rate, eating behaviour traits, fasting appetite-related peptides and hedonic food reward were also measured.
In the whole sample, passive overconsumption was observed with greater energy intake at HFAT compared to HCHO (p < 0.01), without any differences between activity groups (p > 0.05). SWA confirmed that HiPA were more active than LoPA (p < 0.01). HiPA had lower body fat and greater fat-free mass than LoPA (p < 0.05 for both) but did not differ in resting metabolic rate, eating behaviour traits, appetite-related peptides or food reward (p > 0.05 for all).
Non-obese individuals with high or low physical activity levels but matched for BMI showed similar susceptibility to passive overconsumption when consuming an ad libitum high-fat compared to a high-carbohydrate meal. This occurred despite increased total daily energy expenditure and improved body composition in HiPA. Greater differences in body composition and/or physical activity levels may be required to impact on satiation.
被动性过度消费是指由高脂肪、高能量密度的食物环境所驱动的能量摄入增加。这在一定程度上可以解释为，膳食脂肪对饱腹感（即终止进食的过程）的影响较弱。习惯性活跃的个体饱腹感（即餐后抑制饥饿的过程）有所改善，但饱腹感是否有任何改善尚不清楚。在这里，我们研究了习惯性身体活动是否通过增强对高脂肪餐的饱腹感来减轻被动性过度消费。
招募了21名身体活动水平高（HiPA）的非肥胖个体和19名身体活动水平低（LoPA）的个体，他们的体重指数相匹配（平均=22.8kg/m²）。通过在随机交叉设计中比较从暗中调配的高脂肪（HFAT；50%脂肪）或高碳水化合物（HCHO；70%碳水化合物）餐中自由摄取的能量摄入，来评估被动性过度消费。使用SenseWear加速度计（SWA）评估习惯性身体活动。还测量了身体成分、静息代谢率、饮食行为特征、空腹时与食欲相关的肽以及享乐性食物奖励。
在整个样本中，与HCHO相比，HFAT时观察到被动性过度消费，能量摄入更多（p<0.01），各活动组之间无差异（p>0.05）。SWA证实HiPA比LoPA更活跃（p<0.01）。HiPA的体脂比LoPA低，无脂肪量比LoPA高（两者均p<0.05），但在静息代谢率、饮食行为特征、与食欲相关的肽或食物奖励方面无差异（所有p>0.05）。
体重指数匹配但身体活动水平高或低的非肥胖个体，在自由摄取高脂肪餐与高碳水化合物餐时，对被动性过度消费的易感性相似。尽管HiPA的每日总能量消耗增加且身体成分有所改善，但仍出现这种情况。可能需要身体成分和/或身体活动水平有更大差异才能影响饱腹感。
